Patriarchal chimpanzees, matriarchal bonobos: Potential ecological causes of a Pan Dichotomy

Chimpanzees and bonobos, despite being closely related hominoid primates, differ in female gregariousness and dominance style. Violent male aggression is not atypical in chimpanzee societies and is vented against both other males and females in intra- as well as inter-group conflicts; relationships amongst females are rather weak. Bonobo societies, on the other hand, are female-centred; reports[Comp1] about inter-group conflict are rare to absent but there are numerous reports of blood-drawing injuries inflicted upon males by coalitions of females.

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