A review of capacitor placement techniques on distribution feeders

Optimal sizing and placement of shunt capacitors on distribution feeders has received considerable attention from researchers for many years. This paper presents an extensive review of the different solution methods found in the literature and is intended as a guide for those interested in the problem or intending to do additional research in the area. The assumptions made and a brief description of the solution methods are presented.

[1]  Magdy M. A. Salama,et al.  Fuzzy optimal capacitor sizing and placement , 1995, Proceedings 1995 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering.

[2]  Jianzhong Tong,et al.  Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: system modeling and a new formulation , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference.

[3]  J. V. Schmill,et al.  Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors on Distribution Feeders , 1965 .

[4]  R. F. Cook,et al.  Analysis of Capacitor Application as Affected by Load Cycle , 1959, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[5]  Robert Rinker,et al.  Using the reactive current profile of a feeder to determine optimal capacitor placement , 1988 .

[6]  Dan Jiang,et al.  Optimal electric distribution system switch reconfiguration and capacitor control , 1996 .

[7]  Y. G. Bae,et al.  Analytical Method of Capacitor Allocation on Distribution Primary Feeders , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[8]  S. Civanlar,et al.  Discrete-Tap Control Scheme for Capacitive Compensation of Distribution Feeders , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[9]  K. Clinard,et al.  Placement of Fixed And/Or Non-Simultaneously Switched Capacitors on Unbalanced Three-Phase Feeders Involving Laterals , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[10]  N. M. Neagle,et al.  Loss Reduction from Capacitors Installed on Primary Feeders [includes discussion] , 1956, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[11]  J. J. Grainger,et al.  Capacity Release by Shunt Capacitor Placement on Distribution Feeders: A New Voltage-Dependent Model , 1982, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[12]  J.C. Carlisle,et al.  Reactive power compensation on distribution feeders , 1997, Proceedings The Twenty-Ninth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory.

[13]  Chao-Shun Chen,et al.  Optimal distribution feeder capacitor placement considering mutual coupling effect of conductors , 1995 .

[14]  Luigi Dusonchet,et al.  Optimal capacitive compensation on radial distribution systems using nonlinear programming , 1990 .

[15]  Nelson E. Chang,et al.  Locating Shunt Capacitors on Primary Feeder for Voltage Control and Loss Reduction , 1969 .

[16]  Jianzhong Tong,et al.  Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: system solution algorithms and numerical studies , 1995 .

[17]  J. Grainger,et al.  Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors for Reduction of Losses on Distribution Feeders , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[18]  S. Civanlar,et al.  Volt/Var Control on Distribution Systems with Lateral Branches Using Shunt Capacitors and Voltage Regulators Part III: The Numerical Results , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[19]  O. T. Tan,et al.  Neural-net based real-time control of capacitors installed on distribution systems , 1990 .

[20]  M. E. Baran,et al.  Optimal sizing of capacitors placed on a radial distribution system , 1989 .

[21]  Miles Maxwell.  The Economic Application of Capacitors to Distribution Feeders , 1960, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[22]  M. E. Baran,et al.  Optimal capacitor placement on radial distribution systems , 1989 .

[23]  A. Y. Chikhani,et al.  A simplified network approach to the VAr control problem for radial distribution systems , 1993 .

[24]  D. T. Rizy,et al.  Neural Networks for Combined Control of Capacitor Banks and Voltage Regulators in Distribution Systems , 1996, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[25]  Tharwat Fawzi,et al.  New Approach for the Application of Shunt Capacitors to the Primary Distribution Feeders , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[26]  Venkataramana Ajjarapu,et al.  Application of genetic based algorithms to optimal capacitor placement , 1991, Proceedings of the First International Forum on Applications of Neural Networks to Power Systems.

[27]  S. Rama Iyer,et al.  Optimal Reactive Power Allocation for Improved System Performance , 1984, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[28]  C. Alvarez,et al.  Distribution Networks Loss Reduction: Capacitor Allocation and Operation , 1992 .

[29]  Jin-Cheng Wang,et al.  Optimal capacitor placements in distribution systems. I. A new formulation and the overall problem , 1990 .

[30]  S. Civanlar,et al.  Volt/Var Control on Distribution Systems with Lateral Branches Using Shunt Capacitors and Voltage Regulators Part I: The Overall Problem , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[31]  O. T. Tan,et al.  Piecewise method for optimal sizing of distribution capacitors , 1992 .

[32]  M. Ponnavsikko,et al.  Optimal Choice of Fixed and Switched Shunt Capacitors on Radial Distributors by the Method of Local Variations , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[33]  Anil Pahwa,et al.  Optimal selection of capacitors for radial distribution systems using a genetic algorithm , 1994 .

[34]  Richard F. Cook,et al.  Calculating Loss Reduction Afforded by Shunt Capacitor Application , 1964 .

[35]  N. N. Bengiamin,et al.  Computer Aided Design For Reactive Power Compensation , 1994 .

[36]  J. Grainger,et al.  Optimal Capacitor Placement on Three-Phase Primary Feeders: Load and Feeder Unbalance Effects , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[37]  J. J. Grainger,et al.  Design of a Real-Time Switching Control Scheme for Capacitive Compensation of Distribution Feeders , 1982, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[38]  Nelson E. Chang,et al.  Generalized Equations on Loss Reduction with Shunt Capacitor , 1972 .

[39]  I. Roytelman,et al.  Volt/var control algorithm for modern distribution management system , 1995 .

[40]  Hernando Dura,et al.  Optimum Number, Location, and Size of Shunt Capacitors in Radial Distribution Feeders A Dynamic Programming Approach , 1968 .

[41]  M. Kaplan.  Optimization of Number, Location, Size, Control Type, and Control Setting of Shunt Capacitors on Radial Distribution Feeders , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[42]  A. Y. Chikhani,et al.  Control of Reactive Power in Distribution Systems with an End-Load and Varying Load Condition , 1985, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[43]  Hong-Tzer Yang,et al.  Solution to capacitor placement problem in a radial distribution system using tabu search method , 1995, Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95.

[44]  M.E. El-Hawary,et al.  A review of capacitor placement techniques for loss reduction in primary feeders on distribution systems , 1995, Proceedings 1995 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering.

[45]  Yahia Baghzouz,et al.  Shunt capacitor sizing for radial distribution feeders with distorted substation voltages , 1990 .

[46]  B. Szabados,et al.  Optimizing shunt capacitor installations using inductive co-ordination principles , 1977, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[47]  Jianzhong Tong,et al.  Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: modeling and a new formulation , 1995 .

[48]  M. T. Bishop,et al.  Distribution System Line Loss Reduction through Enhanced Capacitor Location Techniques , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[49]  R. F. Cook,et al.  Optimizing the Application of Shunt Capacitors for Reactive-Volt-Ampere Control and Loss Reduction , 1961, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[50]  A. Chikhani,et al.  Control of Reactive Power in Distribution Systems with an End-Load and Fixed Load Condition , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[51]  Gary Boone,et al.  Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems by genetic algorithm , 1993 .

[52]  S. Ertem,et al.  Optimal shunt capacitor sizing for reduced line loading, voltage improvement and loss reduction of distribution feeders , 1989, The Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual North American Power Symposium.

[53]  Suat Ertem,et al.  Optimal Shunt Capacitor Allocation by Nonlinear Programming , 1987, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[54]  Nelson E. Chang,et al.  Determination of Primary-Feeder Losses , 1968 .

[55]  Hong-Chan Chin.  Optimal shunt capacitor allocation by fuzzy dynamic programming , 1995 .

[56]  J. Grainger,et al.  Optimum Placement of Fixed and Switched Capacitors on Primary Distribution Feeders , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.