Estimations of lipid bilayer geometry in fluid lamellar phases.

The excess water bilayer thickness, d(l,0), and molecular area, A(0), of lipid amphiphiles in the fluid lamellar phases of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DPolPC) have been estimated between 15 and 50 degrees C and for dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) between 25 and 50 degrees C. These determinations have been made from X-ray measurements on samples of known water composition. With respect to temperature, T, d(l,0) and A(0) are well fitted to a linear equation. We find d(l,0) (A)=(35.68+/-0.02)-(0.0333+/-0.0006)T (degrees C) and A(0) (A(2))=(70.97+/-0.05)+(0.136+/-0.001)T (degrees C) for DOPC, d(l,0) (A)=(35.2+/-0.1)-(0.068+/-0.003)T (degrees C) and A(0) (A(2))=(59.7+/-0.2)+(0.210+/-0.006)T (degrees C) for DMPC, and d(l,0) (A)=(34.54+/-0.03)-(0.0531+/-0.0009)T (degrees C) and A(0) (A(2))=(67.12+/-0.09)+(0.173+/-0.003)T (degrees C) for DPolPC. The accuracy of these estimates depends largely on how accurately the excess water point is determined. Ideally, reliable X-ray and compositional data will be available around the excess water and it may be found by simple inspection, but this is the exception rather than the rule, since samples close to water excess normally sequester sizeable amounts of water in defects, which lead to an underestimate of d(l,0). and overestimate of A(0). In this paper, we report a methodology for identifying and removing such data points and fitting the remaining data in order to determine the excess water point.

[1]  P. So,et al.  X-ray diffraction study of the polymorphic behavior of N-methylated dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. , 1988, Biochemistry.

[2]  R. Templer,et al.  Swelling Series and Bilayer Defects Due to Sample Preparation , 2000 .

[3]  L. J. Lis,et al.  Interactions between neutral phospholipid bilayer membranes. , 1982, Biophysical journal.

[4]  Bauer,et al.  Anomalous swelling of multilamellar lipid bilayers in the transition region by renormalization of curvature elasticity. , 1994, Physical review letters.

[5]  D. Engelman,et al.  Lipid bilayer thickness varies linearly with acyl chain length in fluid phosphatidylcholine vesicles. , 1983, Journal of molecular biology.

[6]  B. Wallace,et al.  Slow alpha helix formation during folding of a membrane protein. , 1997, Biochemistry.

[7]  On a possible microscopic mechanism underlying the vapor pressure paradox. , 1997, Biophysical journal.

[8]  T. McIntosh,et al.  Area per molecule and distribution of water in fully hydrated dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine bilayers. , 1986, Biochemistry.

[9]  K. Gawrisch,et al.  Determining ethanol distribution in phospholipid multilayers with MAS-NOESY spectra. , 1997, Biochemistry.

[10]  H. Strey,et al.  Membrane lateral compressibility determined by NMR and x-ray diffraction: effect of acyl chain polyunsaturation. , 1997, Biophysical journal.

[11]  B. Roux,et al.  Protein inclusion in lipid membranes: a theory based on the hypernetted chain integral equation. , 1998, Faraday discussions.

[12]  S H White,et al.  Structure of a fluid dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer determined by joint refinement of x-ray and neutron diffraction data. III. Complete structure. , 1992, Biophysical journal.

[13]  G. Cevc,et al.  Temperature Variation of Lipid Membrane Structure and the Hydration Force in Fluid Lamellar Phase: Experimental Studies with Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Multibilayers , 1993 .

[14]  V. Parsegian,et al.  Hydration forces between phospholipid bilayers , 1989 .

[15]  R. Templer,et al.  Evidence that bilayer bending rigidity affects membrane protein folding. , 1997, Biochemistry.

[16]  Richard H. Templer,et al.  Modulation of folding and assembly of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin by intermolecular forces within the lipid bilayer. , 1999 .

[17]  J. Nagle,et al.  Lecithin bilayers. Density measurement and molecular interactions. , 1978, Biophysical journal.

[18]  Huey W. Huang,et al.  Critical Swelling of Phospholipid Bilayers , 1997 .

[19]  J. Nagle,et al.  Structure and interactions of fully hydrated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. , 1998, Biophysical journal.

[20]  R. Templer,et al.  Modulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase by membrane curvature elastic stress. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[21]  Sun,et al.  Critical Fluctuations in Membranes. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[22]  Y. Kobayashi,et al.  Characterization of swollen lamellar phase of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-gramicidin A mixed membranes by DSC, SAXS, and densimetry. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[23]  R. Suter,et al.  X-ray structure determination of fully hydrated L alpha phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. , 1996, Biophysical journal.

[24]  W. Helfrich.  Elastic Properties of Lipid Bilayers: Theory and Possible Experiments , 1973, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Teil C: Biochemie, Biophysik, Biologie, Virologie.

[25]  R. Suter,et al.  Structure of gel phase saturated lecithin bilayers: temperature and chain length dependence. , 1996, Biophysical journal.

[26]  A. Ben-Shaul,et al.  A molecular model for lipid-protein interaction in membranes: the role of hydrophobic mismatch. , 1993, Biophysical journal.

[27]  S. Safran,et al.  Effect of lipid characteristics on the structure of transmembrane proteins. , 1998, Biophysical journal.

[28]  J. Nagle,et al.  Area/lipid of bilayers from NMR. , 1993, Biophysical journal.

[29]  M. Caffrey,et al.  Phases and phase transitions of the phosphatidylcholines. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[30]  V. Luzzati,et al.  THE STRUCTURE OF THE LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES OF LIPID-WATER SYSTEMS , 1962, The Journal of cell biology.

[31]  D. Hughes,et al.  Studies of phospholipid hydration by high-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. , 1999, Biophysical journal.

[32]  Structure and polymorphism of the hydrocarbon chains of lipids: a study of lecithin-water phases. , 1973 .

[33]  J. Katsaras,et al.  Adsorbed to a rigid substrate, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multibilayers attain full hydration in all mesophases. , 1998, Biophysical journal.

[34]  E. Evans,et al.  Structure and mechanical properties of giant lipid (DMPC) vesicle bilayers from 20 degrees C below to 10 degrees C above the liquid crystal-crystalline phase transition at 24 degrees C. , 1988, Biochemistry.

[35]  G. Degovics,et al.  Small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy of crude dispersions of swelling lipids and the influence of the morphology on the repeat distance , 1988 .

[36]  R. Templer,et al.  An Image-intensified CCD Area X-Ray Detector for Use with Synchrotron Radiation , 1988 .

[37]  Horia I. Petrache,et al.  Interbilayer interactions from high-resolution x-ray scattering , 1998 .

[38]  Bauer,et al.  Pseudocritical behavior and unbinding of phospholipid bilayers. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[39]  B. Wallace,et al.  Phospholipid chain length alters the equilibrium between pore and channel forms of gramicidin. , 1998, Faraday discussions.

[40]  M. Sperotto,et al.  Theoretical analysis of protein organization in lipid membranes. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[41]  G. Shipley,et al.  Temperature and compositional dependence of the structure of hydrated dimyristoyl lecithin. , 1979, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[42]  R. Epand,et al.  High-resolution magic-angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lipid dispersions using spherical glass ampoules , 1997 .

[43]  R. Suter,et al.  Effect of substrate roughness on D spacing supports theoretical resolution of vapor pressure paradox. , 1998, Biophysical journal.