Individual differences and alternative behaviours

[1]  N. Liley Ethological isolating mechanisms in four sympatric species of poeciliid fishes , 1966 .

[2]  F. Whoriskey,et al.  Sex, cannibalism and sticklebacks , 1985, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[3]  N. Metcalfe Intraspecific variation in competitive ability and food intake in salmonids: consequences for energy budgets and growth rates , 1986 .

[4]  S. L. Lima,et al.  Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus , 1990 .

[5]  J. Beukema Predation by the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): the influence of hunger and experience. , 1968, Behaviour.

[6]  N. Ringler Variation in foraging tactics of fishes , 1983 .

[7]  Jacqueline F. Savino,et al.  Behavioural interactions between fish predators and their prey: effects of plant density , 1989, Animal Behaviour.

[8]  N. Giles Behavioural effects of the parasite Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on an intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. , 1983, Animal Behaviour.

[9]  D. Rowe,et al.  Differences in growth between maturing and non-maturing male Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr. , 1990 .

[10]  Anne E. Magurran,et al.  The inheritance and development of minnow anti-predator behaviour , 1990, Animal Behaviour.

[11]  M. Taborsky Broodcare helpers in the cichlid fish Lamprologus brichardi: Their costs and benefits , 1984, Animal Behaviour.

[12]  Manfred Milinski,et al.  Female sticklebacks use male coloration in mate choice and hence avoid parasitized males , 1990, Nature.

[13]  J. Parrish Re-examining the selfish herd: are central fish safer? , 1989, Animal Behaviour.

[14]  J. Endler,et al.  Correlated Evolution of Female Mating Preferences and Male Color Patterns in the Guppy Poecilia reticulata , 1990, Science.

[15]  C. A. Mills The effect of extreme northerly climatic conditions on the life history of the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) , 1988 .

[16]  N. Metcalfe Differential response to a competitor by Atlantic salmon adopting alternative life-history strategies , 1989, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences.

[17]  D. J. Hall,et al.  Experimental Tests of Optimal Habitat Use in Fish: The Role of Relative Habitat Profitability , 1983 .

[18]  J. Godin,et al.  Risk taking in parasitized sticklebacks under threat of predation: effects of energetic need and food availability , 1988 .

[19]  A. Łomnicki Population ecology of individuals , 1988 .

[20]  D. L. Morris,et al.  A survey of the macro‐invertebrate riffle fauna of the River Wye , 1980 .

[21]  C. Dellefors,et al.  Early sexual maturation in males of wild sea trout, Salmo trutta L., inhibits smoltification , 1988 .

[22]  A. Magurran,et al.  Marked genetic divergence revealed by allozymes among populations of the guppy Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae), in Trinidad , 1991 .

[23]  Paul W. Webb,et al.  Body Form, Locomotion and Foraging in Aquatic Vertebrates , 1984 .

[24]  F. Huntingford,et al.  How sticklebacks learn to avoid dangerous feeding patches , 1989, Behavioural Processes.

[25]  W. McFarland,et al.  Interaction between schools of fish and mysids , 1982, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[26]  W. Hamilton Geometry for the selfish herd. , 1971, Journal of theoretical biology.

[27]  J. Thorpe,et al.  Inheritance of developmental rates in atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , 1983 .

[28]  R. Warner,et al.  Traditionality of mating-site preferences in a coral reef fish , 1988, Nature.

[29]  D. Lott,et al.  Intraspecific Variation in the Social Systems of Wild Vertebrates , 1991 .

[30]  J. Thorpe,et al.  Growth‐rate and smolting‐rate of progeny of male Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar L. , 1980 .

[31]  N. Liley,et al.  GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE GUPPY, POECILIA RETICULATA (PETERS) , 1985 .

[32]  M. Gross Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon , 1985, Nature.

[33]  D. J. Hall,et al.  Growth Patterns in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) Sunfish: Environmental Variation and the Importance of Ontogenetic Niche Shifts , 1988 .

[34]  D. Conover Adaptive Significance of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in a Fish , 1984, The American Naturalist.

[35]  S. Stearns A NATURAL EXPERIMENT IN LIFE‐HISTORY EVOLUTION: FIELD DATA ON THE INTRODUCTION OF MOSQUITOFISH (GAMBUSIA AFFINIS) TO HAWAII , 1983, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[36]  M. Gross,et al.  Sneakers, Satellites and Parentals: Polymorphic Mating Strategies in North American Sunfishes , 1982 .

[37]  George D. Constanz Behavioral Ecology of Mating in the Male Gila Topminnow, Poecilipsis Occidentalis (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) , 1975 .

[38]  F. Breden,et al.  Male predation risk determines female preference in the Trinidad guppy , 1987, Nature.

[39]  M. Milinski Parasites determine a predator's optimal feeding strategy , 1984, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[40]  D. Broom,et al.  Effects of the eyefluke, Diplostomum spathaceum, on the behaviour of dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) , 1980, Animal Behaviour.

[41]  G. Mittelbach Foraging Efficiency and Body Size: A Study of Optimal Diet and Habitat Use by Bluegills , 1981 .

[42]  Steven N. Austad,et al.  A Classification of Alternative Reproductive Behaviors and Methods for Field-testing ESS Models , 1984 .

[43]  F. Huntingford A comparison of the reaction of sticklebacks in different reproductive conditions towards conspecifics and predators , 1976, Animal Behaviour.

[44]  S. Fretwell,et al.  On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds , 1969 .

[45]  C. Magnhagen Predation risk as a cost of reproduction. , 1991, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[46]  Robert J. Wootton,et al.  Ecology of Teleost Fishes , 1989, Springer Netherlands.

[47]  Anne E. Magurran,et al.  Provenance, shoal size and the sociobiology of predator-evasion behaviour in minnow shoals , 1987, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[48]  E. Leigh,et al.  Sex change and sexual selection , 1975, Science.

[49]  B. Seghers,et al.  SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR IN THE GUPPY (POECILIA RETICULATA): AN EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE TO PREDATION , 1974, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[50]  D. Wilson,et al.  Complex foraging polymorphism in bluegill sunfish. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[51]  W. Schaffer,et al.  The Adaptive Significance of Variations in Life History among Local Populations of Atlantic Salmon in North America , 1975 .

[52]  Jacqueline F. Savino,et al.  Predator-Prey Interaction between Largemouth Bass and Bluegills as Influenced by Simulated, Submersed Vegetation , 1982 .

[53]  Manfred Milinski,et al.  Risk of Predation of Parasitized Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus Aculeatus L.) Under Competition for Food , 1985 .

[54]  J. Travis,et al.  PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE SAILFIN MOLLY, POECILIA LATIPINNA (PISCES: POECILIIDAE). I. FIELD EXPERIMENTS , 1990, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[55]  F. Huntingford,et al.  Habituation of predator inspection in the three‐spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatm L. , 1989 .

[56]  T. Ehlinger Habitat Choice and Phenotype‐Limited Feeding Efficiency in Bluegill: Individual Differences and Trophic Polymorphism , 1990 .

[57]  Anne E. Magurran,et al.  Size-segregative behaviour in minnow shoals , 1986 .

[58]  A. Houde Genetic difference in female choice between two guppy populations , 1988, Animal Behaviour.

[59]  G. Helfman,et al.  Social transmission of behavioural traditions in a coral reef fish , 1984, Animal Behaviour.

[60]  R. R. Warner Resource Assessment Versus Tradition in Mating-Site Determination , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[61]  J. Trexler HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC VARIATION IN THE SAILFIN MOLLY, POECILIA LATIPINNA (PISCES: POECILIIDAE) , 1988, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[62]  A. Kodric‐Brown Dietary carotenoids and male mating success in the guppy: an environmental component to female choice , 1989, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[63]  L. Giraldeau,et al.  Group Foraging: The Skill Pool Effect and Frequency-Dependent Learning , 1984, The American Naturalist.

[64]  T. Bohlin,et al.  Large or small at maturity―theories on the choice of alternative male strategies in anadromous salmanoids , 1990 .

[65]  A. Kodric‐Brown Mechanisms of sexual selection : insights from fishes , 1990 .

[66]  F. Huntingford,et al.  Annual variation in energy reserves in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatm L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae) , 1989 .

[67]  D. J. Hall,et al.  An Experimental Test of the Effects of Predation Risk on Habitat Use in Fish , 1983 .

[68]  A. Magurran,et al.  Risk Sensitive Courtship in the Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata) , 1990 .

[69]  A. Magurran,et al.  Population differences in predator recognition and attack cone avoidance in the guppy Poecilia reticulata , 1990, Animal Behaviour.

[70]  J. Allan The Distributional Ecology and Diversity of Benthic Insects in Cement Creek, Colorado , 1975 .

[71]  E. Werner 21. The Mechanisms of Species Interactions and Community Organization in Fish , 1984 .

[72]  C. J. Barnard When Cheats may Prosper , 1984 .

[73]  C. W. Andrews,et al.  Precocious Male Atlantic Salmon Parr (Salmo salar) in Insular Newfoundland , 1983 .

[74]  David Reznick,et al.  THE IMPACT OF PREDATION ON LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION IN TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES (POECILIA RETICULATA) , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[75]  John A. Endler,et al.  Experimentally induced life-history evolution in a natural population , 1990, Nature.

[76]  T. Pitcher,et al.  Evidence for position preferences in schooling mackerel , 1982, Animal Behaviour.

[77]  D. Kramer,et al.  Food and feeding behavior of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Pisces: Poeciliidae) , 1981 .

[78]  Michael S. Johnson Founder effects and geographic variation in the land snail Theba pisana , 1988, Heredity.

[79]  F. Huntingford,et al.  Depletion of energy reserves during reproductive aggression in male three‐spined stickleback, Gasterostem aculeatus L. , 1989 .

[80]  J M Smith,et al.  Evolution and the theory of games , 1976 .

[81]  K. Hindar,et al.  Interpopulation variation in reproductive traits of anadromous female brown trout, Salmo trutta L. , 1990 .

[82]  G. A. Parker,et al.  Ideal free distributions when individuals differ in competitive ability: phenotype-limited ideal free models , 1986, Animal Behaviour.

[83]  J. Hutchings,et al.  Mating of anadromous Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with mature male parr , 1987 .

[84]  F. Huntingford,et al.  Foraging efficiency in relation to within‐species variation in morphology in three‐spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus , 1988 .

[85]  N. Liley,et al.  The influence of early experience on escape behaviour in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) , 1986 .

[86]  L. Dill,et al.  A DETERMINATION OF THE ENERGETIC EQUIVALENCE OF THE RISK OF PREDATION , 1989 .

[87]  J. Endler Predation, light intensity and courtship behaviour in Poecilia reticulata (Pisces: Poeciliidae) , 1987, Animal Behaviour.

[88]  Felicity A. Huntingford,et al.  The influence of predation risk on the feeding motivation and foraging strategy of juvenile Atlantic salmon , 1987, Animal Behaviour.

[89]  William Rowan,et al.  The Study of Instinct , 1953 .

[90]  J. Endler Natural and sexual selection on color patterns in poeciliid fishes , 1983, Environmental Biology of Fishes.

[91]  L. Dill Adaptive Flexibility in the Foraging Behavior of Fishes , 1983 .

[92]  T. Caro,et al.  Organization and ontogeny of alternative tactics , 1986, Animal Behaviour.

[93]  Sewall Wright,et al.  Random drift and the shifting balance theory of evolution. , 1970 .

[94]  D. Reznick THE IMPACT OF PREDATION ON LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION IN TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES: GENETIC BASIS OF OBSERVED LIFE HISTORY PATTERNS , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[95]  A. Magurran,et al.  Variation in Schooling and Aggression Amongst Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata) Populations in Trinidad , 1991 .

[96]  A. Ferguson Genetic differences among brown trout, Salmo trutta, stocks and their importance for the conservation and management of the species , 1989 .

[97]  D. Chiszar,et al.  Growth rate of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) maintained in groups and in isolation , 1982 .

[98]  R. G. Randall,et al.  Feeding by Hatchery-Reared and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr in Streams , 1979 .

[99]  E. Werner,et al.  THE ONTOGENETIC NICHE AND SPECIES INTERACTIONS IN SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS , 1984 .

[100]  David C. Smith,et al.  THE CICHLID FISH OF CUATRO CIÉNEGAS, MEXICO: DIRECT EVIDENCE OF CONSPECIFICITY AMONG DISTINCT TROPHIC MORPHS , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[101]  P. Webb,et al.  Strike tactics of Esox. , 1980, Canadian journal of zoology.

[102]  T. Ehlinger Learning and individual variation in bluegill foraging: habitat-specific techniques , 1989, Animal Behaviour.

[103]  L. Dill Animal decision making and its ecological consequences: the future of aquatic ecology and behaviour , 1987 .

[104]  M. Gross Sunfish, salmon, and the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics in fish , 1984 .

[105]  F. Huntingford,et al.  Social dominance and body size in Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo solar L. , 1990 .

[106]  J. Breck,et al.  Effect of Fish Size on the Reactive Distance of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Sunfish , 1983 .

[107]  M. Milinski A review of competitive resource sharing under constraints in sticklebacks , 1986 .

[108]  J. Godin,et al.  A fitness cost of foraging in the guppy , 1988, Nature.

[109]  J. Orton,et al.  The paedogenetic male cycle in Salmo salar L , 1940, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[110]  J. Meyer,et al.  The ontogeny of twilight migration patterns in grunts (Pisces: Haemulidae) , 1982, Animal Behaviour.

[111]  T. Ehlinger,et al.  Pattern and Adaptation in Individual Behavioral Differences , 1987 .

[112]  W. Rowland The Effects of Male Nuptial Coloration On Stickleback Aggression: a Reexamination , 1982 .

[113]  J. Thorpe,et al.  The ontogeny of smoltification: developmental patterns of gill Na+/K+-ATPase, SDH, and chloride cells in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , 1985 .

[114]  D. Wilson The Adequacy of Body Size as a Niche Difference , 1975, The American Naturalist.

[115]  R. Hughes,et al.  A striking example of the founder effect in the mollusc Littorina saxatilis , 1987 .

[116]  D. Rubenstein INDIVIDUAL VARIATION AND COMPETITION IN THE EVERGLADES PYGMY SUNFISH , 1981 .

[117]  M. Nowak,et al.  Another battle of the sexes: the consequences of sexual asymmetry in mating costs and predation risk in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata , 1991, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[118]  Manfred Milinski,et al.  Competitive resource sharing: An experimental test of a learning rule for ESSs , 1984, Animal Behaviour.

[119]  G. Barlow,et al.  A Comparison of Feeding, Spacing, and Aggression in Color Morphs of the Midas Cichlid. I. Food Continuously Present , 1975 .

[120]  F. H. Rodd,et al.  Life History Evolution in Guppies: III. The Impact of Prawn Predation on Guppy Life Histories , 1991 .

[121]  A. Magurran,et al.  The adaptive significance of schooling as an anti-predator defense in fish , 1990 .

[122]  J. Endler NATURAL SELECTION ON COLOR PATTERNS IN POECILIA RETICULATA , 1980, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[123]  G. Barlow,et al.  Predicting and assessing dominance from size and coloration in the polychromatic midas cichlid , 1976, Animal Behaviour.

[124]  L. A. Vøllestad,et al.  Geographic variation in life-history strategy of female roach, Rutilus rutilus (L). , 1990 .

[125]  R. Wootton A Functional Biology of Sticklebacks , 1984, Functional Biology Series.

[126]  G. Barlow,et al.  Do the colours of parents, companions and self influence assortative mating in the polychromatic Midas cichlid? , 1990, Animal Behaviour.

[127]  G. Barlow The benefits of being gold: behavioral consequences of polychromatism in the midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum , 1983 .

[128]  J. Mcphail,et al.  The evolution of freshwater diversity in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): site-specific differentiation of trophic morphology , 1985 .

[129]  J. Krebs,et al.  An introduction to behavioural ecology , 1981 .

[130]  L. Partridge,et al.  The rare-male effect: what is its evolutionary significance? , 1988, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[131]  G. L. Vinyard Variable Kinematics of Sacramento Perch (Archoplites interruptus) Capturing Evasive and Nonevasive Prey , 1982 .

[132]  A. Magurran Predator inspection behaviour in minnow shoals: differences between populations and individuals , 1986, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[133]  J. Orton,et al.  The Male Sexual Stage in Salmon Parr (Salmo salar L. Juv.) , 1938 .

[134]  A. Houde MATE CHOICE BASED UPON NATURALLY OCCURRING COLOR‐PATTERN VARIATION IN A GUPPY POPULATION , 1987, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[135]  J. Mcphail,et al.  Adaptive Divergence of Trophic Phenotype among Freshwater Populations of the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) , 1986 .

[136]  A. Ferguson,et al.  Allozyme evidence for reproductively isolated sympatric populations of brown trout Salmo trutta L. in Lough Melvin, Ireland , 1981 .

[137]  M. Milinski A predator's costs of overcoming the confusion-effect of swarming prey , 1984, Animal Behaviour.

[138]  K. Lindström,et al.  Assortative schooling in three-spined sticklebacks? , 1990 .

[139]  G. Helfman School fidelity in fishes: The yellow perch pattern , 1984, Animal Behaviour.

[140]  M. Healey,et al.  Sex‐Specific Life History Tactics and Risk‐Taking in Coho Salmon , 1990 .

[141]  F. Huntingford,et al.  Early social status and the development of life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon , 1989, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences.

[142]  J. Travis,et al.  PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE SAILFIN MOLLY, POECILIA LATIPINNA (PISCES: POECILIIDAE). II. LABORATORY EXPERIMENT , 1990, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[143]  J. Godin,et al.  Antipredator benefits of schooling behaviour in a cyprinodontid fish, the banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) , 1985 .

[144]  Kim Holland,et al.  Olfactory responses of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) to prey odors: Chemical search image , 1980, Journal of Chemical Ecology.