Applications of Cognitive Design Systems to Test Development

Until recent times, cognitive testing had been a stagnant field. Carroll and Maxwell (1979), in their Annual Review of Psychology paper on testing, pointed out that little had changed since the first author had reviewed the field 25 years earlier. Carroll and Maxwell (1979) pointed out, however, that cognitive psychology was a new force that could substantially change testing. Since their chapter appeared, an extensive foundation of research has been assembled which covers many types of items that appear on cognitive tests (e.g., Bejar, Chaffin & Embretson, 1990; Carpenter, Just, & Shell, 1990; Embretson, 1985; Pellegrino, 1985; Sternberg, 1985).

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