A Cascaded Noise-Robust Deep CNN for Face Recognition

State-of-the-art face recognition methods have achieved excellent performance on the clean datasets. However, in real-world applications, the captured face images are usually contaminated with noise, which significantly decreases the performance of these face recognition methods. In this paper, we propose a cascaded noise-robust deep convolutional neural network (CNR-CNN) method, consisting of two sub-networks, i.e., a denoising sub-network and a face recognition sub-network, for face recognition under noise. Instead of separately training the two sub-networks, we jointly train them in a cascaded manner. As a result, the images generated from the denoising sub-network are beneficial to the training of the face recognition sub-network. Furthermore, the dense connectivity is used to concatenate the feature maps layer-by-layer in the denoising sub-network, which can effectively exploit the shallow and deep features of CNN. Experimental results on public face datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over several state-of-the-art methods.

[1]  Marwan Mattar,et al.  Labeled Faces in the Wild: A Database forStudying Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environments , 2008 .

[2]  Sergey Ioffe,et al.  Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift , 2015, ICML.

[3]  Jian Sun,et al.  Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[4]  Bhiksha Raj,et al.  SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognition , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[5]  Yan Yan,et al.  An efficient deep neural networks training framework for robust face recognition , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

[6]  Yong Cheng,et al.  Comments on "Image Denoising by Sparse 3-D Transform-Domain Collaborative Filtering" , 2011, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[7]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Parametric Stereo for Multi-pose Face Recognition and 3D-Face Modeling , 2005, AMFG.

[8]  Baoqing Li,et al.  Noise-resistant network: a deep-learning method for face recognition under noise , 2017, EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing.

[9]  Ming Yang,et al.  DeepFace: Closing the Gap to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  Jian Cheng,et al.  NormFace: L2 Hypersphere Embedding for Face Verification , 2017, ACM Multimedia.

[11]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoising , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[12]  Yu Qiao,et al.  Joint Face Detection and Alignment Using Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks , 2016, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[13]  Jian Cheng,et al.  Additive Margin Softmax for Face Verification , 2018, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[14]  Hyeonjoon Moon,et al.  The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[15]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks , 2012, Commun. ACM.

[16]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Learning Face Representation from Scratch , 2014, ArXiv.

[17]  James Philbin,et al.  FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[18]  Wangmeng Zuo,et al.  Learning Deep CNN Denoiser Prior for Image Restoration , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[19]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization with Application to Image Denoising , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[20]  Dumitru Erhan,et al.  Going deeper with convolutions , 2014, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[21]  C. Thomaz,et al.  A new ranking method for principal components analysis and its application to face image analysis , 2010, Image Vis. Comput..