Mathematical expression of pressure gradient in the flow of spherical capsules less dense than water

Abstract This study yielded a mathematical expression to calculate the pressure gradient (ΔP/L)m of the flow of a spherical capsule train. An experimental investigation was carried out to determine pressure drops of two-phase mixture flow of spherical ice capsules and water inside the pipelines of cooling systems. Instead of ice capsules, spherical capsules made of polypropylene material whose density (870 kg/m3) is similar to that of ice were used in the experiments. Flow behavior of the spherical capsules, 0.08 m outer diameter, was observed in the measuring section inside plexiglass pipes, 0.1 m inner diameter (ID) and 6 m in length; pressure drops were measured on the 4 m section. The investigation was carried out in the 1.2 × 104

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