DIFFUSE-FIELD EQUALISATION OF FIRST-ORDER AMBISONICS

Timbre is a crucial element of believable and natural binaural synthesis. This paper presents a method for diffuse-field equalisation of first-order Ambisonic binaural rendering, aiming to address the timbral disparity that exists between Ambisonic rendering and head related transfer function (HRTF) convolution, as well as between different Ambisonic loudspeaker configurations. The presented work is then evaluated through listening tests, and results indicate diffuse-field equalisation is effective in improving timbral consistency.

[1]  G. F. Kuhn.  Model for the interaural time differences in the azimuthal plane , 1977 .

[2]  Gavin Kearney,et al.  An HRTF Database for Virtual Loudspeaker Rendering , 2015 .

[3]  Alexander Lindau,et al.  Perceptual Evaluation of Headphone Compensation in Binaural Synthesis Based on Non-Individual Recordings , 2012 .

[4]  A. Bronkhorst.  Localization of real and virtual sound sources , 1995 .

[5]  Philippe-Aubert Gauthier,et al.  On the Use of a Lebedev Grid for Ambisonics , 2015 .

[6]  O. Kirkeby,et al.  Digital filter design for inversion problems in sound reproduction , 1999 .

[7]  Henrik Møller.  Fundamentals of binaural technology (invited) , 1991 .

[8]  Mark B. Gardner,et al.  Standardizing Auditory Tests , 1950 .

[9]  Woon-Seng Gan,et al.  Direct Concha Excitation for Introduction of Individualized Hearing Cues , 2000 .

[10]  J. Daniel,et al.  Représentation de champs acoustiques, application à la transmission et à la reproduction de scènes sonores complexes dans un contexte multimédia , 2000 .

[11]  Michael J. Gerzon.  Periphony: With-Height Sound Reproduction , 1973 .

[12]  W M Hartmann,et al.  Auditory spectral discrimination and the localization of clicks in the sagittal plane. , 1993, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[13]  Archontis Politis,et al.  Microphone array processing for parametric spatial audio techniques , 2016 .

[14]  Angelo Farina,et al.  Simultaneous Measurement of Impulse Response and Distortion with a Swept-Sine Technique , 2000 .

[15]  Michael A. Gerzon,et al.  Ambisonic Decoders for HDTV , 1992 .

[16]  H S Colburn,et al.  Variability in the characterization of the headphone transfer-function. , 2000, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[17]  V R Algazi,et al.  Elevation localization and head-related transfer function analysis at low frequencies. , 2001, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[18]  Michael A. Gerzon,et al.  Criteria for Evaluating Surround-Sound Systems , 1977 .

[19]  Robert Höldrich,et al.  A 3D Ambisonic Based Binaural Sound Reproduction System , 2003 .

[20]  F L Wightman,et al.  Localization using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions. , 1993, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[21]  David Griesinger.  Accurate Timbre and Frontal Localization without Head Tracking through Individual Eardrum Equalization of Headphones , 2016 .

[22]  M. Gardner.  Some monaural and binaural facets of median plane localization. , 1973, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[23]  Hareo Hamada,et al.  Fast deconvolution of multichannel systems using regularization , 1998, IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process..

[24]  Alexander Lindau,et al.  Evaluation of equalization methods for binaural signals , 2009 .

[25]  Brian F. G. Katz,et al.  Comparison of headphones and equalization for virtual auditory source localization , 2008 .

[26]  Aaron Heller,et al.  Calibration of Soundfield Microphones Using the Diffuse-Field Response , 2012 .

[27]  Gavin Kearney,et al.  Height Perception in Ambisonic Based Binaural Decoding , 2015 .

[28]  Henrik Møller,et al.  Transfer characteristics of headphones measured on human ears , 1995 .

[29]  Stefan Weinzierl,et al.  Binaural Resynthesis for Comparative Studies of Acoustical Environments , 2007 .

[30]  Janina Fels,et al.  Perceptually Robust Headphone Equalization for Binaural Reproduction , 2011 .

[31]  Dorte Hammershøi,et al.  Binaural Technique: Do We Need Individual Recordings? , 1996 .

[32]  Ville Pulkki,et al.  Virtual Sound Source Positioning Using Vector Base Amplitude Panning , 1997 .

[33]  Roland Bücklein,et al.  The Audibility of Frequency Response Irregularities , 1981 .

[34]  David Stanley Mcgrath,et al.  Sound Field Format to Binaural Decoder with Head Tracking , 1996 .

[35]  A. Berkhout,et al.  Acoustic control by wave field synthesis , 1993 .

[36]  Michael A. Gerzon,et al.  Ambisonics in Multichannel Broadcasting and Video , 1985 .

[37]  Richard Lee,et al.  Is My Decoder Ambisonic , 2008 .