Constitution for a Disunited Nation: On Hungary's 2011 Fundamental Law. Ed. Gábor Attila Tóth. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2012. xvi, 570 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Tables. Index. $75.00, hard bound.
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jobs for low-skilled workers. As a result, the Roma have the lowest education levels and the highest rate of unemployment in the region. Many Roma were also shut out of social housing and simply couldn't afford to live elsewhere. The return of properties and lands expropriated by the communist regime left the Roma further adrift. Since most had no prior ownership claims, they were excluded from the post-1989 property market when prices increased and income decreased. Since Roma rarely own property and are infrequently political or economic stakeholders, they have little control over resources and thus the distribution of environmental harms. Filcak interviewed Roma, finding that they cite their lack of ownership and control over resources as the reason why authorities have failed to prioritize safeguarding Romani communities from pollutants. Interviews with non-Roma reveal longstanding prejudices against the Roma. The author contends that when Roma occupy space it becomes less valuable to the majority, thus making it easier to abuse. Devaluation, he argues, has many ramifications for people and the environment, as it brings on more environmental stress, a deterioration of area resources, and a deepening of barriers between Roma and non-Roma. Though the book's arguments can be repetitive, I nevertheless commend the author for tackling this previously neglected area of research. In detailing an inequitable eastern Slovakia, Filcak lays out two possible pathways. The first allows for an amelioration of the current plight of many Roma, through poverty relief and environmental management programs. The second envisions a deepened exclusion of Roma, leading to increased conflict over resources and a worsening distribution of environmental harm. Slovakia can avoid the latter if the political will for change, heretofore scarce, is exerted. The book's recommendation section is noteworthy, and hopefully it reaches beyond academia to Slovak and EU policymakers.