On-site energy consumption and selected emissions at softwood sawmills in the southwestern United States

Abstract Presently there is a lack of information describing US southwestern energy consumption and emissions generated from the sawmilling industry. This article uses a mail survey of softwood sawmills in the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico to develop a profile of on-site energy consumption and selected emissions for the industry. Energy consumption is categorized by fuel type on a production basis for both renewable and nonrenewable sources for production year 2012. Selected emissions from on-site energy consumption were also estimated for respondent sawmills. Survey respondents represented 35 percent of total softwood lumber production of 169.2 million board feet. Total annual on-site sawmill energy required was 64.8 billion British thermal units. Sixty-one percent was derived from diesel fuel, primarily for on-site rolling stock; 35 percent was from electricity; 3 percent was from gasoline used for on-site rolling stock; and the remainder was from propane and wood. Energy produced from non...

[1]  D. Griffith,et al.  Open-path Fourier transform infrared studies of large-scale laboratory biomass fires , 1996 .

[2]  Timothy P. Spoelma,et al.  California Logging Utilization: 2004 , 2008 .

[3]  Timothy D. Searchinger,et al.  Biofuels and the need for additional carbon , 2010 .

[4]  J. Bowyer,et al.  Forest Products and Wood Science , 2019 .

[5]  Andrew J. Sánchez Meador,et al.  Restoring composition and structure in Southwestern frequent-fire forests: A science-based framework for improving ecosystem resiliency , 2013 .

[6]  Helmut Haberl,et al.  Large‐scale bioenergy from additional harvest of forest biomass is neither sustainable nor greenhouse gas neutral , 2012 .

[7]  Bryce J. Stokes,et al.  U.S. Billion-ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry , 2011 .

[8]  Bruce Lippke,et al.  Comparing Life-Cycle Carbon and Energy Impacts for Biofuel, Wood Product, and Forest Management Alternatives* , 2012 .

[9]  Scott A. Bowe,et al.  Environmental Impact of Manufacturing Softwood Lumber in Northeastern and North Central United States , 2010 .

[10]  Nathaniel Anderson,et al.  Emissions tradeoffs associated with cofiring forest biomass with coal: A case study in Colorado, USA , 2014 .

[11]  Edward C. Peck.  Air drying of lumber , 1956 .

[12]  Scott A. Bowe,et al.  Environmental Impact of Producing Hardwood Lumber Using Life-Cycle Inventory , 2008 .

[13]  E. Hertwich,et al.  CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric decay and contribution to global warming , 2011 .

[14]  Robert M. Groves,et al.  The Impact of Nonresponse Rates on Nonresponse Bias A Meta-Analysis , 2008 .

[15]  Todd A. Morgan,et al.  Use of Financial and Economic Analyses by Federal Forest Managers for Woody Biomass Removal , 2011 .

[16]  J. Bowyer,et al.  Forest Carbon Accounting Considerations in US Bioenergy Policy , 2014 .

[17]  B. Jenkins,et al.  Combustion properties of biomass , 1998 .

[18]  Michael R. Milota,et al.  Gate-to-Gate Life-Cycle Inventory of Softwood Lumber Production , 2005 .

[19]  J. Howard,et al.  U.S. timber production, trade, consumption and price statistics 1965-2011. , 2013 .

[20]  The Four Corners Timber Harvest and Forest Products Industry, 2002 , 2006 .

[21]  L. Lynd,et al.  Beneficial Biofuels—The Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma , 2009, Science.

[22]  R. Groves.  Nonresponse Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Household Surveys , 2006 .

[23]  H. Spelter,et al.  Profile 2009: softwood sawmills in the United States and Canada , 2009 .

[24]  G. S. Callendar.  CAN CARBON DIOXIDE INFLUENCE CLIMATE , 1949 .

[25]  Donald G. Hodges,et al.  An overview of the forest products sector downturn in the United States. , 2011 .

[26]  Todd A. Morgan,et al.  Forestry-based biomass economic and financial information and tools: An annotated bibliography , 2010 .

[27]  John E. Core,et al.  Smoke management guide for prescribed and wildland fire: 2001 edition. , 2001 .

[28]  D. Calkin,et al.  Forest treatment residues for thermal energy compared with disposal by onsite burning: Emissions and energy return , 2010 .

[29]  Todd A. Morgan,et al.  On-Site Energy Consumption at Softwood Sawmills in Montana , 2016 .

[30]  Scott A. Bowe,et al.  Life-cycle inventory of manufacturing hardwood lumber in Southeastern US , 2012 .

[31]  James W. Funck,et al.  Fuelwood characteristics of northwestern conifers and hardwoods , 1987 .

[32]  BRYCE WARD.  BUREAU OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH , 2016 .

[33]  S. Solomon,et al.  Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[34]  Bruce Lippke,et al.  Carbon, Fossil Fuel, and Biodiversity Mitigation With Wood and Forests , 2014 .

[35]  Todd A. Morgan,et al.  Logging utilization in Idaho: Current and past trends , 2014 .

[36]  Margaret K. Mann,et al.  Life Cycle Assessment of a Natural Gas Combined-Cycle Power Generation System , 2000 .

[37]  M. K. Mann,et al.  Life Cycle Assessment of Coal-fired Power Production , 1999 .

[38]  Bruce Lippke,et al.  Woody Biomass Substitution for Thermal Energy at Softwood Lumber Mills in the US Inland Northwest , 2012 .