Time-resolved scavenging and recombination dynamics from I:e− caged pairs

The competition between geminate recombination of electrons with their parent radicals and electron scavenging with H+ is directly time resolved with ∼100 fs resolution at several acid concentrations. Electrons were produced from iodide photodetachment or two-photon ionization of H2O. With regards to those produced from iodide photodetachment, the separation between primary and secondary I:e− recombination is established using a full numerical solution to the diffusion equation. Electron ejection is found to be short range and a potential well of ∼3kbT depth stabilizing the solvent caged pair is required to yield a satisfactory fit to experiment. From time-resolved scavenging data up to 5 M HCl, it is shown that the electron can be scavenged both inside and outside the caged pair by H+ with nearly equal efficiency. The steady-state scavenging yield as a function of scavenger concentration is then predicted based on the determined time-dependent recombination function. Reassessment of several benchmark sca...

[1]  S. Bradforth,et al.  Excited States of Iodide Anions in Water: A Comparison of the Electronic Structure in Clusters and in Bulk Solution , 2002 .

[2]  Benjamin J. Schwartz,et al.  How Does the Solvent Control Electron Transfer? Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Simplest Charge Transfer Reaction , 2001 .

[3]  S. Bradforth,et al.  Electron photodetachment from [Fe(CN)6]4−: photoelectron relaxation and geminate recombination , 2001 .

[4]  S. Bradforth,et al.  Map for the Relaxation Dynamics of Hot Photoelectrons Injected into Liquid Water via Anion Threshold Photodetachment and above Threshold Solvent Ionization , 2001 .

[5]  Stephen E. Bradforth,et al.  The ejection distribution of solvated electrons generated by the one-photon photodetachment of aqueous I− and two-photon ionization of the solvent , 2000 .

[6]  Andrew Nashed,et al.  Is There Any Effect of Solution Microstructure on the Solvated Electron Absorption Spectrum in LiCl/H2O Solutions? , 1999 .

[7]  S. Keiding,et al.  Two-photon dissociation and ionization of liquid water studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy , 1999 .

[8]  D. Neumark,et al.  Zero electron kinetic energy and photoelectron spectroscopy of the XeI− anion , 1998 .

[9]  S. Bradforth,et al.  Femtosecond dynamics of photodetachment of the iodide anion in solution: resonant excitation into the charge-transfer-to-solvent state , 1998 .

[10]  A. Laubereau,et al.  Ultrafast electron trapping in an aqueous NaCl-solution , 1998 .

[11]  D. Bartels,et al.  Multiphoton Ionization of Liquid Water with 3.0−5.0 eV Photons† , 1996 .

[12]  Evgeny B. Krissinel,et al.  Spherical symmetric diffusion problem , 1996, J. Comput. Chem..

[13]  A. Staib,et al.  REACTION PATHWAYS IN THE PHOTODETACHMENT OF AN ELECTRON FROM AQUEOUS CHLORIDE : A QUANTUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY , 1996 .

[14]  A. Staib,et al.  Quantum adiabatic umbrella sampling: The excited state free energy surface of an electron‐atom pair in solution , 1996 .

[15]  P. Rossky,et al.  ELECTRONIC AND SOLVENT RELAXATION DYNAMICS OF A PHOTOEXCITED AQUEOUS HALIDE , 1996 .

[16]  Iwao Watanabe,et al.  Vertical ionization potentials and CTTS energies for anions in water and acetonitrile , 1995 .

[17]  M. Ashokkumar,et al.  Short-lived charge-transfer-to-solvent-states and multiple electronic relaxations following femtosecond excitation of aqueous chloride ion , 1995 .

[18]  F. H. Long,et al.  Electron photodetachment from halide ions in solution. Excited-state dynamics in the polarization well , 1994 .

[19]  G. Freeman,et al.  SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE REACTIVITY OF SOLVATED ELECTRONS WITH IONS IN ISOBUTANOL/WATER MIXED SOLVENTS , 1994 .

[20]  Y. Izawa,et al.  Quantum yields of hydrated electrons by UV laser irradiation , 1993 .

[21]  T. Goulet,et al.  On the reactions of hydrated electrons with OH⋅ and H3O+. Analysis of photoionization experiments , 1992 .

[22]  M. Tachiya Theory of diffusion-controlled reactions: Formulation of the bulk reaction rate in terms of the pair probability , 1983 .

[23]  K. Mork,et al.  Diffusion-controlled reaction kinetics. Equivalence of the particle pair approach of Noyes and the concentration gradient approach of Collins and Kimball , 1980 .

[24]  John R. Miller,et al.  The reaction of hydrated electron + oxonium. Concentration effects of acid or salts , 1977 .

[25]  M. Bronskill,et al.  Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis Studies. I. The Solvated Electron in Aqueous and Alcohol Solutions , 1970 .

[26]  M. Fox The photolysis of simple inorganic anions in solution , 1970 .

[27]  M. Ottolenghi,et al.  On the photochemical cage effect in aqueous solutions of the halide ions , 1969 .

[28]  G. Czapski,et al.  Scavenging Kinetics in the Photochemistry of Some Ions in Aqueous Solution , 1968 .

[29]  F. Dainton,et al.  Primary processes in the photolysis of the iodide ion in aqueous solution , 1965, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[30]  F. Dainton,et al.  The photolysis of aqueous systems at 1849 Å II. Solutions containing Cl-, Br-, SO2-4 or OH- ions , 1965, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[31]  J. Jortner,et al.  On the Photochemistry of Aqueous Solutions of Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Ions , 1964 .

[32]  J. Jortner,et al.  SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE IODIDE ION , 1963 .

[33]  J. Jortner,et al.  The effect of nitrous oxide and the nature of intermediates in the photochemistry of the iodide ion in aqueous solution , 1962 .

[34]  J. Jortner,et al.  CAGE EFFECTS AND SCAVENGING MECHANISMS IN THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE IODIDE ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS , 1962 .

[35]  H. Schwarz,et al.  THE NATURE OF THE REDUCING RADICAL IN WATER RADIOLYSIS1 , 1962 .

[36]  R. Levine,et al.  THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE IODIDE ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION , 1961 .

[37]  Richard M. Noyes,et al.  MODELS RELATING MOLECULAR REACTIVITY AND DIFFUSION IN LIQUIDS , 1956 .

[38]  Richard M. Noyes,et al.  KINETICS OF COMPETITIVE PROCESSES WHEN REACTIVE FRAGMENTS ARE PRODUCED IN PAIRS , 1955 .

[39]  A. Farkas,et al.  On the separation of the hydrogen isotopes in the photochemical liberation of hydrogen from aqueous solutions , 1938 .

[40]  W. M. Latimer,et al.  The oxidation states of the elements and their potentials in aqueous solutions , 1938 .