Resourcing challenges for post-disaster housing reconstruction: a comparative analysis

Post-disaster housing reconstruction is likely to suffer project deficiencies in relation to the availability of resources. Inefficiencies in dealing with resource shortages in the aftermath of a catastrophe can trigger economic and environmental impacts on the affected areas. Based on data collected from field research in China, Indonesia, and Australia, three types of resource-led reconstruction strategies are compared: government driven, donor driven, and market driven. Conventional interventions from the Chinese government (e.g. price restrictions and discouraging profiteering to regulate the market) were unable to meet the long-term reconstruction needs after the Wenchuan earthquake (2008). Complexity inherent in both internal and external environments in Indonesia compromised donors' efforts in post-tsunami (2004) resource procurement. Market-oriented resourcing processes in Australian bushfire (2009) reconstruction are unlikely to succeed without facilitated solutions from the government and institutions. The answer to effective resource management for post-disaster reconstruction lies in the appropriateness of the responses and improvements to address resourcing challenges. The success of resourcing depends on multi-stakeholder collaboration and the development of polices, plans, and tools to allow market flexibility, donor management, and government intervention. Il est probable que la reconstruction de logements après une catastrophe se trouve confrontée à des insuffisances liées à la disponibilité des ressources pour les projets de construction. Le manque d'efficacité dans le traitement des pénuries de ressources suite à une catastrophe peut déclencher des répercussions économiques et environnementales sur les zones affectées. En se fondant sur les données tirées d’études de terrain en Chine, en Indonésie et en Australie, trois types de stratégies de reconstruction impulsées par les ressources sont comparés, mettant l'accent respectivement sur les gouvernements, les donateurs et le marché. Les interventions classiques du gouvernement chinois (par ex. limiter les prix et dissuader de faire des bénéfices excessifs pour réguler le marché) n'ont pas permis de répondre aux besoins de reconstruction à long terme après le tremblement de terre de Wenchuan (2008). La complexité inhérente aux environnements intérieurs aussi bien qu'extérieurs en Indonésie a mis en péril les efforts des donateurs concernant l'approvisionnement en ressources après le tsunami (2004). Il y a peu de chances que les processus de sourcing privilégiant le marché lors de la reconstruction suite aux incendies dans le bush australien (2009) puissent réussir sans des solutions facilitées par le gouvernement et les institutionnels. La réponse à apporter pour qu'une gestion efficace des ressources permette la reconstruction après une catastrophe réside dans la justesse des réponses et des améliorations faites pour relever les défis du sourcing. La réussite du sourcing dépend d'une collaboration entre les diverses parties prenantes et du développement de politiques, de plans et d'outils qui assureront la flexibilité du marché, la gestion des donateurs et l'intervention gouvernementale. Mots clés: préparation aux situations d'urgence, logement, organisations non gouvernementales (ONG), reconstruction après une catastrophe, disponibilité des ressources, gestion des ressources, sourcing, durabilité

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