Smart Grid interoperability standards

The only way to achieve interoperability requirements among the various components of the Smart Grid is through the use of internationally recognized communication and interface standards. It is expected that Smart Grid standards will cover the entire grid. This means there is a need for two types of standards, these are: (i) interoperability standards (top down) and (ii) building block standards (bottom up). However, this chapter will address the issues related to interoperability standards as applied to the Smart Grid.