Protective Role of Tri Calcium Phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] against Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Toxicity on Reproductive System of Male Albino Rat

INTRODUCTION In recent years, population is facing some problems regarding their health from some chemicals. These chemicals are often taking their routes into human system through life schedule of the persons. These chemicals commonly take entry sometimes due to negligence of people or unconsciousness of handling of few materials. The present experiment has been proposed to elucidate the destructive role of sodium fluoride (NaF). Besides this, the project has also its aim to search the protective efficacy of tri calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] against NaF induced reproductive failure. Humans are exposed to NaF from a number of sources including water, medicines, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, few dental restorative agents, dental products like tooth paste and often from few beverages [1]. Study has been done on fluoride toxicity in various systems with different animals. Ingestion of fluoride can produce gastrointestinal discomfort at doses at least 15 to 20 times lower (0.2–0.3 mg/kg) than lethal doses [2]. Although helpful for dental health in low dosage, chronic exposure to fluoride in large amounts interferes with bone formation. In this way, the most widespread examples of fluoride poisoning arise from consumption of ground water that is abnormally fluoride-rich [3]. Currently, in advanced countries, most cases of fluoride exposure are due to the ingestion of dental fluoride products [4]. Other sources include glass-etching or chrome-cleaning agents like ammonium bi-fluoride or hydrofluoric acid [5-6]. Involvement of the reproductive organs due to fluorosis in animals had also been studied extensively. Messar et al. reported that the low levels of fluoride in food rendered mice infertile, while a high-fluoride diet improved their fertility [7]. It has been reported that sodium fluoride treatment in mice caused an alteration in the histology of reproductive organs and morphology of sperm and induced biochemical changes [8].These reports were contradicted by Tao and Suttie, whose experiments showed that fluoride did not play any essential role in reproduction [9]. Few works have been done earlier to show their protective efficiency on NaF induced toxicity. Protective role of quercitin was found on NaF induced oxidative stress in rat’s liver [10]. It has been investigated the anti-oxidative properties of aqueous extract of the bark of Terminalia arjuna (TA) on sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative damages in the livers and kidneys of Swiss albino mice [11]. The effect of dietary Ca in response to fluoride (F) treatment was investigated in rats [12]. The nephron-protective effect of gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum was examined in