Microfiber Bragg grating for liquid-level variation sensing

We report a liquid-level variation sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed in a 6.5-μmdiameter microfiber. The proposed microfiber Bragg grating (MFBG) in air has two separated reflection peaks, which are caused by the fundamental mode reflection and the higher-order mode reflection. Each of the two peaks will split into another two adjacent peaks when a fraction of the MFBG sensor immerses into liquid. By measuring the reflectivity difference between the two original peaks and their respective adjacent liquid-induced peaks, the liquid-level variation can be determined.