In vivo outcomes of tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts.

Tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts have been synthesized from a variety of materials, with some success at repairing chondral defects in animal models. We hypothesized that in tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts synthesized by bonding mesenchymal stem cell-loaded hydrogels to a porous material, the choice of the porous scaffold would affect graft healing to host bone, and the quality of cell restoration at the hyaline cartilage surface. Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells were suspended in hydrogels that were attached to cylinders of porous tantalum metal, allograft bone, or a bioactive glass. The tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts, thus created were implanted into experimental defects in rabbit knees. Subchondral bone restoration, defect fill, bone ingrowth-implant integration, and articular tissue quality were compared between the three subchondral materials at 6 and 12 weeks. Bioactive glass and porous tantalum were superior to bone allograft in integrating to adjacent host bone, regenerating hyaline-like tissue at the graft surface, and expressing type II collagen in the articular cartilage.

[1]  J. Mao,et al.  Tissue-engineered Neogenesis of Human-shaped Mandibular Condyle from Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells , 2003, Journal of dental research.

[2]  Hwa-Chang Liu,et al.  Tissue engineering-based cartilage repair with allogenous chondrocytes and gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronan tri-copolymer scaffold: a porcine model assessed at 18, 24, and 36 weeks. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[3]  S. Oh,et al.  Repair of osteochondral defects with a construct of mesenchymal stem cells and a polydioxanone/poly(vinyl alcohol) scaffold , 2008, Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.

[4]  D. Mooney,et al.  Hydrogels for tissue engineering. , 2001, Chemical Reviews.

[5]  J M Powers,et al.  Fabrication of biodegradable polymer scaffolds to engineer trabecular bone. , 1995, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[6]  D Amiel,et al.  Articular cartilage repair using allogeneic perichondrocyte-seeded biodegradable porous polylactic acid (PLA): a tissue-engineering study. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[7]  C. Sledge,et al.  Healing of chondral and osteochondral defects in a canine model: the role of cultured chondrocytes in regeneration of articular cartilage. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[8]  A. Nixon,et al.  Local and remote matrix responses to chondrocyte-laden collagen scaffold implantation in extensive articular cartilage defects. , 1995, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[9]  G. Balian,et al.  Marrow stromal cells embedded in alginate for repair of osteochondral defects. , 2000, Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association.

[10]  Karine Anselme,et al.  Repair of osteochondral defects with autologous chondrocytes seeded onto bioceramic scaffold in sheep. , 2004, Tissue engineering.

[11]  K. Anseth,et al.  Photopolymerized Biomaterials for Application in the Temporomandibular Joint , 2001, Cells Tissues Organs.

[12]  Aylin Sendemir-Urkmez,et al.  Evaluation of vacuum and dynamic cell seeding of polyglycolic acid and chitosan scaffolds for cartilage engineering. , 2005, American journal of veterinary research.

[13]  Bonpei Takase,et al.  Tissue engineering of articular cartilage with autologous cultured adipose tissue-derived stromal cells using atelocollagen honeycomb-shaped scaffold with a membrane sealing in rabbits. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[14]  P. Ducheyne,et al.  Bioactive material template for in vitro synthesis of bone. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[15]  A M Mackay,et al.  Chondrogenic differentiation of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells from marrow. , 1998, Tissue engineering.

[16]  Christopher G Williams,et al.  In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a photopolymerizing hydrogel. , 2003, Tissue engineering.

[17]  R. Happonen,et al.  Compositional dependence of bioactivity of glasses in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-B2O3-P2O5-SiO2. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[18]  K. An,et al.  Development of a biologic prosthetic composite for cartilage repair. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[19]  K. Fujii,et al.  Use of a biphasic graft constructed with chondrocytes overlying a beta-tricalcium phosphate block in the treatment of rabbit osteochondral defects. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[20]  D. Day,et al.  Preparation and bioactive characteristics of a porous 13-93 glass, and fabrication into the articulating surface of a proximal tibia. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[21]  Hai-sheng Li,et al.  Engineering of bone tissue with porcine bone marrow stem cells in three-dimensional trabecular metal: in vitro and in vivo studies. , 2003, APMIS. Supplementum.

[22]  Jennifer H Elisseeff,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of a novel degradable phosphate-containing hydrogel. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[23]  G. Friedlaender,et al.  Induction of specific T-cell responsiveness to allogeneic bone. , 1991, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[24]  Joseph M. Mansour,et al.  Mesenchymal Cell-Based Repair of Large Full Thickness Defects of Articular Cartilage , 1994 .

[25]  S P James,et al.  The role of subchondral bone in joint disease: a review. , 2010, Equine veterinary journal.

[26]  Jason A Burdick,et al.  Photoencapsulation of osteoblasts in injectable RGD-modified PEG hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[27]  K. Piez,et al.  Chondrogenesis in agarose gel culture. A model for chondrogenic induction, proliferation and differentiation. , 1985, Experimental cell research.

[28]  D G Lewallen,et al.  Clinical validation of a structural porous tantalum biomaterial for adult reconstruction. , 2004, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[29]  T. Kokubo,et al.  REVIEW Bioactive metals: preparation and properties , 2004, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[30]  J. Elisseeff,et al.  Photoencapsulation of chondrocytes in poly(ethylene oxide)-based semi-interpenetrating networks. , 2000, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[31]  M. Yaszemski,et al.  Chondroconductive potential of tantalum trabecular metal. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[32]  S J Hollister,et al.  Manufacturing and Characterization of 3‐D Hydroxyapatite Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds , 2002, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[33]  I. Kangasniemi,et al.  Subchondral bone and cartilage repair with bioactive glasses, hydroxyapatite, and hydroxyapatite-glass composite. , 1996, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[34]  P. Ducheyne,et al.  Effect of bioadctive glass templates on osteoblast proliferation and in vitro synthesis of bone‐like tissue , 1994 .

[35]  Jun-ling Cao,et al.  Repairing articular cartilage defects with tissue-engineering cartilage in rabbits. , 2006, Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi.

[36]  Adel Alhadlaq,et al.  Adult Stem Cell Driven Genesis of Human-Shaped Articular Condyle , 2004, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[37]  V. Goldberg,et al.  The Chondrogenic Potential of Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells* , 1998, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[38]  A. Caplan,et al.  Osteochondrogenic potential of marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells exposed to TGF‐β1 or PDGF‐BB as assayed in vivo and in vitro , 1996, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[39]  D L Butler,et al.  Autologous mesenchymal stem cell-mediated repair of tendon. , 1999, Tissue engineering.

[40]  Robert Langer,et al.  Tissue engineering: the design and fabrication of living replacement devices for surgical reconstruction and transplantation , 1999, The Lancet.

[41]  R. Pelker,et al.  Biomechanical properties of bone allografts. , 1983, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[42]  V. Goldberg,et al.  Hyaluronan‐based polymers in the treatment of osteochondral defects , 2000, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[43]  P. Ducheyne,et al.  Evaluation of osteoblast response to porous bioactive glass (45S5) substrates by RT-PCR analysis. , 2000, Tissue engineering.

[44]  L. Peterson,et al.  The repair of experimentally produced defects in rabbit articular cartilage by autologous chondrocyte transplantation , 1989, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[45]  M J Glimcher,et al.  Cell origin and differentiation in the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. , 1993, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[46]  M J Yaszemski,et al.  Bone formation by three-dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds. , 1997, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.

[47]  R. Poggie,et al.  Revision and salvage patellar arthroplasty using a porous tantalum implant. , 2004, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[48]  Alan Grodzinsky,et al.  Tissue-engineered composites for the repair of large osteochondral defects. , 2002, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[49]  J. Mao,et al.  Stem cell‐based composite tissue constructs for regenerative medicine , 2005, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[50]  Scott C. Brown,et al.  A three-dimensional osteochondral composite scaffold for articular cartilage repair. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[51]  Delbert E Day,et al.  Growth and differentiation of osteoblastic cells on 13-93 bioactive glass fibers and scaffolds. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[52]  T. Ishii,et al.  Repair of large osteochondral defects with allogeneic cartilaginous aggregates formed from bone marrow‐derived cells using RWV bioreactor , 2007, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[53]  J. Lonner,et al.  Use of a trabecular metal patella for marked patella bone loss during revision total knee arthroplasty. , 2003, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[54]  April M. Kloxin,et al.  Temporal changes in peg hydrogel structure influence human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and matrix mineralization. , 2006, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[55]  S. Arnoczky,et al.  Kinetic study of the replacement of porcine small intestinal submucosa grafts and the regeneration of meniscal-like tissue in large avascular meniscal defects in dogs. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[56]  Arnold I Caplan,et al.  Repair of osteochondral defect with tissue-engineered two-phase composite material of injectable calcium phosphate and hyaluronan sponge. , 2002, Tissue engineering.

[57]  J. Buckwalter.  Articular cartilage injuries. , 2002, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[58]  G. Naughton,et al.  Evaluation of matrix scaffolds for tissue engineering of articular cartilage grafts. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[59]  A I Caplan,et al.  In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. , 1998, Experimental cell research.

[60]  S. Hollister,et al.  Optimal design and fabrication of scaffolds to mimic tissue properties and satisfy biological constraints. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[61]  G. Ateshian,et al.  Anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for articular cartilage repair. , 2003, Journal of biomechanics.

[62]  Larry L Hench,et al.  Bioactive glasses for in situ tissue regeneration , 2004, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[63]  K. Hjelle,et al.  Articular cartilage defects in 1,000 knee arthroscopies. , 2002, Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association.

[64]  A I Caplan,et al.  Tissue-engineered fabrication of an osteochondral composite graft using rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[65]  Lawrence J Bonassar,et al.  Characterization of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid composites for cartilage tissue engineering. , 2003, Tissue engineering.

[66]  J. Elisseeff,et al.  Experimental model for cartilage tissue engineering to regenerate the zonal organization of articular cartilage. , 2003, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[67]  D. Mooney,et al.  Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[68]  J. Buckwalter,et al.  Interspecies comparisons of in situ intrinsic mechanical properties of distal femoral cartilage , 1991, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[69]  W. B. van den Berg,et al.  Chondrocyte-seeded hydroxyapatite for repair of large articular cartilage defects. A pilot study in the goat. , 1998, Biomaterials.

[70]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. , 1999, Science.

[71]  J. Elisseeff,et al.  Transdermal photopolymerization of poly(ethylene oxide)-based injectable hydrogels for tissue-engineered cartilage. , 1999, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.