The cost and effectiveness of retrofit programs for used cars

Estimates are made of the cost and effectiveness of available retrofit devices. These estimates are used in a linear programming model to determine the combination of devices applied to specific model year automobiles which will reach various specified emission reduction goals at least cost. The results are presented in terms of the South Coast Air Basin (Los Angeles) in 1975. A method of generalizing the results to other air basins is presented in an appendix.