Encapsulated cell technology: from research to market.

Encapsulated cell technology has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases by the controlled and continuous delivery of biological products to the host. Many biotechnology companies have focused their interest in this technology taking into account the promising pre-clinical and clinical results and the potential clinical market. However, on the long way from clinic to market several issues will have to be addressed, including suitable scientific development, ethical obstacles, government regulations and market forces.

[1]  C. Mullon,et al.  Evidence of absence of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infection in patients treated with a bioartificial liver support system. , 1999, Artificial organs.

[2]  I. Charles,et al.  Microencapsulated iNOS‐expressing cells cause tumor suppression in mice , 2002, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[3]  A. Anilkumar,et al.  An encapsulation system for the immunoisolation of pancreatic islets , 1997, Nature Biotechnology.

[4]  H. Fineberg,et al.  Call for moratorium on xenotransplants , 1998, Nature.

[5]  M. Löhr,et al.  Microencapsulated cell-mediated treatment of inoperable pancreatic carcinoma , 2001, The Lancet.

[6]  M. Sands,et al.  Treatment of a lysosomal storage disease, mucopolysaccharidosis VII, with microencapsulated recombinant cells. , 2000, Human gene therapy.

[7]  David J. Mooney,et al.  Controlled growth factor release from synthetic extracellular matrices , 2000, Nature.

[8]  D. Hunkeler,et al.  Bioartificial organs and acceptable risk , 1999, Nature Biotechnology.

[9]  M. Pepys Serum amyloid P component (not Serum Amyloid Protein) , 1999, Nature Medicine.

[10]  B. Olsen,et al.  Intravital microscopy reveals novel antivascular and antitumor effects of endostatin delivered locally by alginate-encapsulated cells. , 2001, Cancer research.

[11]  Anthony Atala,et al.  Continuous release of endostatin from microencapsulated engineered cells for tumor therapy , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[12]  Hyun Chul Lee,et al.  Remission in models of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy using a single-chain insulin analogue , 2000, Nature.

[13]  B. Torbett,et al.  Infection by porcine endogenous retrovirus after islet xenotransplantation in SCID mice , 2000, Nature.

[14]  Tejal A. Desai,et al.  Nanoporous biocapsules for the encapsulation of insulinoma cells: biotransport and biocompatibility considerations , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[15]  A. Al-Hendy,et al.  Correction of the growth defect in dwarf mice with nonautologous microencapsulated myoblasts--an alternate approach to somatic gene therapy. , 1995, Human gene therapy.

[16]  Yasuhiro Takeuchi,et al.  Infection of human cells by an endogenous retrovirus of pigs , 1997, Nature Medicine.

[17]  D. Hanahan,et al.  Cell factories for fighting cancer , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[18]  P. Soon-Shiong,et al.  Insulin independence in a type 1 diabetic patient after encapsulated islet transplantation , 1994, The Lancet.

[19]  A. Al-Hendy,et al.  Delivery of human factor IX in mice by encapsulated recombinant myoblasts: a novel approach towards allogeneic gene therapy of hemophilia B. , 1996, Blood.

[20]  A. Sun,et al.  Normalization of diabetes in spontaneously diabetic cynomologus monkeys by xenografts of microencapsulated porcine islets without immunosuppression. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[21]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering : Frontiers in biotechnology , 1993 .

[22]  W. Heneine,et al.  Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue. The XEN 111 Study Group. , 1999, Science.

[23]  J F Elliott,et al.  Clinical outcomes and insulin secretion after islet transplantation with the Edmonton protocol. , 2001, Diabetes.

[24]  M. Peschanski,et al.  Protective effect of encapsulated cells producing neurotrophic factor CNTF in a monkey model of Huntington's disease , 1997, Nature.

[25]  E. Ryan,et al.  Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  R. Timpl,et al.  Local endostatin treatment of gliomas administered by microencapsulated producer cells , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[27]  N. Blom,et al.  In Vivo Protection of Nigral Dopamine Neurons by Lentiviral Gene Transfer of the Novel GDNF-Family Member Neublastin/Artemin , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience.

[28]  S. Bhatia,et al.  Advances in bioartificial liver devices , 2001, Hepatology.

[29]  P. Aebischer,et al.  GDNF Reduces Drug-Induced Rotational Behavior after Medial Forebrain Bundle Transection by a Mechanism Not Involving Striatal Dopamine , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[30]  D. Hunkeler,et al.  Rationalizing the design of polymeric biomaterials. , 1999, Trends in biotechnology.

[31]  Alan Dove,et al.  Cell-based therapies go live , 2002, Nature Biotechnology.

[32]  T. Chang,et al.  Microencapsulated genetically engineered live E. coli DH5 cells administered orally to maintain normal plasma urea level in uremic rats , 1996, Nature Medicine.

[33]  Myriam Schluep,et al.  Intrathecal delivery of CNTF using encapsulated genetically modifiedxenogeneic cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients , 1996, Nature Medicine.