A Flow-Grained End-to-End Delay Analysis for RC Traffic in TTEthernet

Real-time domains, such as aerospace, industrial automation, and automotive systems show an increasing demand for deterministic communication behaviors. TTEthernet standard has been specifically designed for highly available real-time applications and cyber-physical systems. By introducing the time-triggered mechanism, the TTEthernet tends to improve the time determinism of real-time communications in these systems. However, non-determinism, caused by the event-triggered traffic, still exists in rate-constrained (RC) flows, thus end-to-end communication delay analysis for RC traffic in TTEthernet is indispensable. In this paper, we propose a novel method, named FWA (Flow-grained Worst-case end-to-end delay Analysis), to deal with the worst-case end-to-end delay analysis for RC traffic in TTEthernet. The derived formulas are sensitive to time-triggered flows and static schedules, and support all the three integration policies in TTEthernet. The evaluations of our proposed method demonstrate that FWA can reduce pessimism and apply to industrial configurations, compared with alternative approaches including Network Calculus and Trajectory Approach.