Manufacturing considerations for implantable antennas
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Design of implantable antennas poses a unique set of challenges since antennas need to be small, biocompatible, and operate in the highly lossy environment of the human body. A recent review identified miniaturization challenges and how they have been managed in a variety of designs. [1] It also noted the sensitivity of these miniaturized antennas to fabrication tolerances. Our paper addresses another type of challenge - effective methods to manufacture these antennas using biocompatible materials (many of which are difficult to adhere with glue or solder), tight manufacturing tolerances (and practical ways to manage them), and a design that is practical both for manufacturing of individual test antennas by hand or for larger scale manufacturing. We will build on the spiral microstrip designs originally presented in [2] and expanded in [3][4].
[1] A. Kiourti,et al. A Review of Implantable Patch Antennas for Biomedical Telemetry: Challenges and Solutions [Wireless Corner] , 2012, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.
[2] Y. Rahmat-Samii,et al. Implanted antennas inside a human body: simulations, designs, and characterizations , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.
[3] C.M. Furse,et al. Design of implantable microstrip antenna for communication with medical implants , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.