A finite element model for predicting stresses and slip in flexible pipe armouring tendons

Abstract An eight degree-of-freedom curved beam element has been developed for the purpose of stress and slip analysis of flexible pipe armouring tendons. The fact that the tendon is forced to slide in the curvilinear plane of the supporting pipe structure is utilized to minimize the number of degrees of freedom. Differential geometry is further used in order to describe the loading and reference system of each tendon during subsequent deformation, thus avoiding a large part of congruence transformations. Numerical examples and comparison with measurements on a real flexible pipe specimen are presented. The test data and the numerical model show very good agreement.

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