Three Dimensional Structure of Kringle Domain

DeutschとMertzがlysine-Sepharoseを 用 い てplasminogen(PG)を ヒ ト血 漿 か ら 一挙 に 精 製 で き る こ と を最 初 に示 した の は,1970年 の こ とで あ る1).周 知 の 如 く,血 漿 中 に は少 な く と も200種 以 上 の タ ンパ ク 質 が 存 在 し,比 較 的 含 量 の 高 いPG(20mg/dl)で さ え,そ の純 化 に は, 当 時,ア ル コー ル 分 画 や 塩 析,DEAE-Cellulose chromatographyな ど,5段 階 以 上 の 操 作 が 必 要 で あ った.そ れ を わ ず かone stepの 操 作 で 高 純 度 のPGが 得 られ た の で,lysine-Sepharose の効 果 は 革 命 的 で あ り,ま た,現 在 のaffinity chromatographyの 走 りで もあ っ た.し か し,当 時,PGの 構 造 に つ い て は ま っ た く不 明 で あ っ た た め に,そ のaffinityの 原 理 を 理 解 す る に は 至 らな か った. 一 方 ,1975年,Magnussonら はprothrombin (PT)の 全 一 次 構 造 を決 定 し,そ のN末 端 側 に S-S結 合 の 様 式 が 互 い に 類 似 し た2つ の ドメ イ ン を 同定 した(図1).こ の ドメ イ ン の形 が デ ンマ ー ク の ク リ ン グル ク ッ キ ー に似 て い る こ と か ら ク リン グ ル と呼 ん だ2).そ の後,1978年,PG の一 次 構 造 の 中 に も5つ の ク リン グル が あ る こ とが報 告 され3),次 い で1980年 にLerchら に よ っ てPGK1とPGK4に,そ れ ぞれlysine結 合 部 位(LBS)の あ る こ とが 明 らか に され た4)(本 稿 で は各 ク リ ング ル を,例 え ば,PGのN末 端 か ら1番 目 の ク リ ン グ ル をPGK1と い う よ う に表 記 す る).以 来,PGの フ ィブ リ ンへ の 結 合 原 理 を 知 る た め に,ク リン グ ル 構 造 とLBSの 関 係 が 詳 し く調 べ られ て い る. ク リ ン グ ル 構 造 は血 液 凝 固 線 溶 系 の セ リ ン プ ロ テ ア ー ゼ 前 駆 体5)~8)ばか りで な く,今 日 で は,ほ か の タ ンパ ク質 に も数 多 く見 出 され て い る(表1).例 え ば,多 数 の ク リ ン グ ル を 持 っapolipoprotein(a)(Apo(a))9)を 始 め, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)の よ う な 増 殖 因 子10)11)か ら,HGF activator12)や hyaluronan-binding Protein(PHBP)13),さ ら にreceptor tyrosine kinase(RTK)フ ァ ミ リ ー に属 す る細 胞 表 面 レ セ プ タ ー14)~19)やneur-

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