The effect of neuroleptics on serum prolactin in schizophrenic patients.

Serum prolactin levels were studied before and during long-term administration of phenothiazines on a twice daily schedule to 27 newly admitted schizophrenic patients. An increase in serum prolactin is believed to be a reflection of inhibition of dopamine receptors in the hypothalamopituitary axis. By 72 hours after the initiation of treatment, all 27 patients had persistently elevated serum prolactin levels averaging 3.2-fold and 3.8-fold in men and women, respectively. There was a lag between clinical response and dopamine blockade, as indicated by serum prolactin levels in most patients. Serum prolactin levels remained elevated during the one- to three-month period subjects were studied, suggesting there was no tolerance to this effect of phenothiazines. Serum prolactin levels tended to be higher with thioridazine than on equivalent doses of chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine hydrochloride. There was some evidence that the magnitude of the serum prolactin elevation correlated with clinical response. After cessation of phenothiazines, serum prolactin levels rapidly reverted to normal within 48 to 96 hours.

[1]  J. Colombo,et al.  Limbic system involvement in the increase in plasma prolactin following cortical spreading depression in gonadotropin-treated female rats. , 1975, Endocrinology.

[2]  H. Meltzer,et al.  Clozapine increases rat serum prolactin levels. , 1975, Life sciences.

[3]  A. Frantz,et al.  Thioridazine stimulates prolactin secretion in man. , 1975, Archives of general psychiatry.

[4]  P. Seeman,et al.  Antipsychotic drugs: direct correlation between clinical potency and presynaptic action on dopamine neurons. , 1975, Science.

[5]  L. Iversen.  Dopamine receptors in the brain. , 1975, Science.

[6]  T. Kołakowska,et al.  Correlation between plasma levels of prolactin and chlorpromazine in psychiatric patients , 1975, Psychological Medicine.

[7]  A. Frantz,et al.  Dopamine antagonism by thioridazine in schizophrenia. , 1975, Biological psychiatry.

[8]  Post Rm,et al.  Studies of amine metabolites in affective illness and in schizophrenia: a comparative analysis. , 1975 .

[9]  Meltzer Hy.  Neuromuscular abnormalities in the major mental illnesses. I. Serum enzyme studies. , 1975 .

[10]  S. Ojeda,et al.  Possible role of cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E1 in the dopaminergic control of prolactin release. , 1974, Endocrinology.

[11]  A. Frantz,et al.  Serum prolactin levels in unmedicated schizophrenic patients. , 1974, Archives of general psychiatry.

[12]  M. Bowers,et al.  Regional differences in homovanillic acid concentrations after acute and chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs , 1974, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[13]  W. Lichtensteiger,et al.  Tubero-infundibular dopamine neurons and the secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin: extrahypothalamic influences, interaction with cholinergic systems and the effect of urethane anesthesia. , 1974, Brain research.

[14]  S H Snyder,et al.  Drugs, neurotransmitters, and schizophrenia. , 1974, Science.

[15]  G. Harris,et al.  The Effects of Phenothiazines on Endocrine Function: I , 1974, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[16]  C. S. Corker,et al.  The Effects of Phenothiazines on Endocrine Function: II , 1974, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[17]  John M. Davis.  Dose equivalence of the anti-psychotic drugs , 1974 .

[18]  J. Stevens.  An anatomy of schizophrenia? , 1973, Archives of general psychiatry.

[19]  M. Baggiolini,et al.  Tolerance phenomena with neuroleptics catalepsy, apomorphine stereotypies and striatal dopamine metabolism in the rat after single and repeated administration of loxapine and haloperidol. , 1973, European journal of pharmacology.

[20]  G. L. Noel,et al.  Human prolactin and growth hormone release during surgery and other conditions of stress. , 1972, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[21]  G. Harris,et al.  Some endocrine effects of phenothiazines: a preliminary report. , 1972, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[22]  P. Greengard,et al.  Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in caudate nucleus of rat brain, and its similarity to the "dopamine receptor". , 1972, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[23]  Turkington Rw.  The clinical endocrinology of prolactin. , 1972 .

[24]  J. Clemens,et al.  Hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion. , 1972, Vitamins and hormones.

[25]  G. L. Noel,et al.  CHLORPROMAZINE STIMULATION AND L-DOPA SUPPRESSION OF PLASMA PROLACTIN IN MAN1 , 1971 .

[26]  P. Hwang,et al.  A radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. , 1971, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  A. Frantz,et al.  Human prolactin: measurement in plasma by in vitro bioassay. , 1971, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[28]  A. Frantz,et al.  Prolactin: Evidence That It Is Separate from Growth Hormone in Human Blood , 1970, Science.

[29]  F. Sulman.  Hypothalamic Control of Lactation , 1970, Monographs on Endocrinology.

[30]  D. Klein.  Diagnosis and Drug Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders , 1969, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[31]  A. Carlsson,et al.  EFFECT OF CHLORPROMAZINE OR HALOPERIDOL ON FORMATION OF 3METHOXYTYRAMINE AND NORMETANEPHRINE IN MOUSE BRAIN. , 2009, Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica.