France-Spain HVDC transmission system with hybrid modular multilevel converter and alternate-arm converter

Modular Multilevel Converter (M<sup>2</sup>C) and Alternate-Arm Converter (A<sup>2</sup>C) are the prevalent types of voltage-source converter (VSC) topology for HVDC applications. A novel model of the VSC using hybrid Modular M<sup>2</sup>C and A<sup>2</sup>C is proposed in this paper. This new model is applied to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) — transmission system links between France and Spain which has 320 kV, 2000 MW HVDC transmission system by inserting M<sup>2</sup>C in sending end and A<sup>2</sup>C in receiving end. The hybrid models are interconnecting two 400 kV high-voltage AC grids.

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