A Multi-Path Algorithmic Approach to Phased Array Calibration

The performance of phased arrays is dependent upon the amplitude and phase relationships between the elements of the array. In the presence of finite manufacturing tolerances and environmental effects these relationships cannot always be guaranteed, therefore synchronisation of these relationships is necessary. This paper presents analgorithmic approach to the calibration of these relationships, backed up with simulation results and comparisons.

[1]  Dau-Chyrh Chang,et al.  The study of Butler matrix BFN for four beams antenna system , 2003, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450).

[2]  Hamid Aghvami,et al.  Adaptive antennas: the calibration problem , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[3]  A.S. Hauksdottir,et al.  Integrity monitoring and estimation of systematic errors in radar data systems , 1995, Proceedings International Radar Conference.

[4]  Michael Zatman.  Circular array STAP , 2000, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst..

[5]  Kiran K. Shetty.  Novel Algorithm for Uplink Interference Suppression Using Smart Antennas in Mobile Communications , 2004 .

[6]  Ronan Farrell,et al.  Tower-Top Antenna Array Calibration Scheme for Next Generation Networks , 2007, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[7]  Michael T. Chryssomallis,et al.  Smart antennas , 2000 .

[8]  E. D. Di Claudio.  Asymptotically perfect wideband focusing of multiring circular arrays , 2005 .

[9]  R. J. Mailloux.  A phased array error correction scheme , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[10]  Peter Hall,et al.  Multiple beam microstrip patch array with integrated beamformer , 1991 .

[11]  R. J. Mailloux.  Phased array error correction scheme , 1993 .

[12]  A. H. Aghvami,et al.  Calibration of smart antenna systems: measurements and results , 2007 .

[13]  M. Fujita,et al.  An adaptive antenna array under directional constraint , 1976 .

[14]  E.D. Di Claudio.  Asymptotically perfect wideband focusing of multiring circular arrays , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[15]  C. Shipley,et al.  Mutual coupling-based calibration of phased array antennas , 2000, Proceedings 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology (Cat. No.00TH8510).

[16]  George V. Tsoulos,et al.  Space division multiple access (SDMA) field trials. Part 2: Calibration and linearity issues , 1998 .

[17]  F. Rayal.  Why have smart antennas not yet gained traction with wireless network operators? , 2005, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[18]  M. M. Adibi,et al.  Remote Measurement Calibration , 1990, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[19]  Jack E. Volder.  The CORDIC Trigonometric Computing Technique , 1959, IRE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[20]  D.A. Hitko,et al.  Four-element planar Butler matrix using half-wavelength open stubs , 2002, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[21]  Alessandro Toscano,et al.  A novel design method for Blass matrix beam-forming networks , 2002 .

[22]  B.D. Van Veen,et al.  Beamforming: a versatile approach to spatial filtering , 1988, IEEE ASSP Magazine.