LA RESONANCIA MAGNÉTICA Y SUS APLICACIONES EN LA AGROINDUSTRIA, UNA REVISIÓN

Las propiedades electromagneticas que presentan el hidrogeno y otros nucleos que componen los productos agroalimentarios han permitido usar ampliamente la Resonancia Magnetica (RM) para estudiar, de manera no destructiva, la composicion y la estructura interna de estos materiales biologicos en una escala tanto macroscopica como microscopica. En este articulo se explican los principios fisicos que sustentan la RM, asi como el equipo basico requerido para medir las senales de RM de cualquier muestra biologica y el procedimiento de adquisicion de una imagen de RM. Tambien, se hace una revision de las principales aplicaciones en el sector agroalimentario, destacando principalmente los estudios desarrollados con esta tecnologia para examinar la calidad interna de las frutas y los vegetales. En estos productos, la RM ha sido utilizada para detectar e investigar la evolucion de los diferentes factores que determinan la calidad interna luego de la cosecha, durante el almacenamiento y despues del procesamiento poscosecha. Los estudios en poscosecha que mas se han realizado con esta tecnologia son los relacionados con desordenes de tipo fisiologico que se producen en las frutas durante su almacenamiento y conservacion en frio en atmosferas controladas y modificadas. Se espera en un futuro no muy lejano aplicaciones comerciales de sensores de RM en linea, basados en magnetos de bajo campo o con sistemas simplificados de analisis de imagenes, que permitan la determinacion rapida y no destructiva de la calidad interna de los productos agroalimentarios.

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