Are Biologics Safe in the Immediate Postoperative Period? A Single-Center Evaluation of Consecutive Crohn’s Surgical Patients

BACKGROUND: There is no study to date examining the safety of initiating or restarting biologic therapy after major abdominal surgery for Crohn’s disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the rates of 90-day superficial surgical site infections, intra-abdominal sepsis, and overall postoperative infectious complications among patients who were initiated on or restarted a biologic within 90 days postoperatively compared with those who were not. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at an IBD referral center. PATIENTS: Adult patients with Crohn’s disease who received a biologic therapy within 90 days of a major abdominal operation between May 20, 2014, and December 31, 2018, were included. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Ninety-day superficial surgical site infection, intra-abdominal sepsis, and overall postoperative infectious complications were measured. RESULTS: A total of 680 patients with Crohn’s disease were included: 351 were initiated on biologic therapy within 90 days after surgery and 329 were not. Patients exposed to biologic therapy postoperatively were younger (p < 0.001), had a lower BMI (p = 0.0014), were less often diabetic (p = 0.0011), and were more often exposed preoperatively to biologics (p < 0.0001) and immunomodulators (p < 0.0001) but not corticosteroids (p = 0.8399). Of those exposed postoperatively, nearly all (93.7%) had been on a biologics preoperatively, and most resumed the same biologic (68.0%). The median time to starting biologic therapy postoperatively was 31 days (range, 7–89 d). Postoperative biologic exposure was not associated with an increased risk of superficial surgical site infection (HR = 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95–1.09) per week; p = 0.59), intra-abdominal sepsis (HR = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.99–1.16); p = 0.73), or overall postoperative infectious complications (HR = 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98–1.07); p = 0.338); the overall rates of each at 90 days was 13%, 8%, and 28%. LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective design and single-center data. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative initiation or resumption of biologic therapy did not increase 90-day rates of superficial surgical site infection, intra-abdominal sepsis, or total infectious complications after major abdominal surgery for Crohn’s disease. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B207. ¿SON SEGUROS LOS FÁRMACOS BIOLÓGICOS EN EL POSTOPERATORIO INMEDIATO? UNA EVALUACIÓN DE UN SOLO CENTRO DE PACIENTES QUIRÚRGICOS CONSECUTIVOS CON ENFERMEDAD DE CROHN ANTECEDENTES: No hay ningún estudio hasta la fecha que examine la seguridad de iniciar o reiniciar la terapia biológica después de una cirugía abdominal mayor en enfermedad de Crohn. OBJETIVO: Determinar las diferencias en las tasas a 90 días de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico superficial, sepsis intraabdominal y complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias generales entre los pacientes en que se inició o reinició un biológico dentro de los 90 días después de la operación en comparación con aquellos que no lo recibieron. DISEÑO: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. ESCENARIO: Centro de referencia de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. PACIENTES: Pacientes adultos con enfermedad de Crohn que recibieron una terapia biológica dentro de los 90 días de una operación abdominal mayor entre el 20 de mayo de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018. PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO: Infección superficial del sitio quirúrgico, sepsis intraabdominal y complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias generales a 90 días. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 680 pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn: 351 se iniciaron en terapia biológica dentro de los 90 días posteriores a la cirugía y 329 no. Los pacientes expuestos a terapia biológica después de la operación eran más jóvenes (p <0.001), tenían un índice de masa corporal más bajo (p = 0.0014), eran con menos frecuencia diabéticos (p = 0.0011) y estaban expuestos con mayor frecuencia preoperatoriamente a fármacos biológicos (p <0.0001) e inmunomoduladores (p <0.0001) pero no a corticosteroides (p = 0.8399). De los expuestos postoperatoriamente, casi todos (93.7%) habían estado en terapia biológica en el preoperatorio, y la mayoría reanudó la misma terapia biológica (68%). La mediana de tiempo para comenzar la terapia biológica después de la operación fue de 31 días (rango, 7-89 días). La exposición biológica postoperatoria no se asoció con un mayor riesgo de infección superficial del sitio quirúrgico (HR 1.02 (0.95-1.09) por semana, p = 0.59), sepsis intraabdominal. (HR: 1.07 (0.99-1.16), p = 0.73), o complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias generales (HR: 1.02, intervalo de confianza del 95% 0.98-1.07, p = 0.338); las tasas generales de cada uno a los 90 días fue del 13%, 8% y 28%. LIMITACIONES: Diseño retrospectivo, y datos de un centro único. CONCLUSIONES: El inicio o la reanudación en el postoperatorio de la terapia biológica no aumentaron las tasas a 90 días de infección superficial de sitio quirúrgico, sepsis intraabdominal o complicaciones infecciosas totales después de una cirugía abdominal mayor por enfermedad de Crohn. Consulte el Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B207. (Traducción—Dr Jorge Silva Velazco)

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