Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin according to aetiology in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the DAPA‐HF trial

We examined the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, according to aetiology in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) enrolled in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA‐HF).

[1]  G. Filippatos,et al.  Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure: Proposal of a Novel Mechanism of Action , 2017, JAMA cardiology.

[2]  J. Oss,et al.  PROPHYLACTIC IMPLANTATION OF A DEFIBRILLATOR IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION , 2002 .

[3]  W. Stevenson,et al.  Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure. , 1989, Circulation.

[4]  F. Cuoco Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Heart Failure Patients in Relation to Etiology: Results From the REVERSE (REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic Left vEntricular Dysfunction) Study , 2011 .

[5]  E. Ferrannini,et al.  CV Protection in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial: A “Thrifty Substrate” Hypothesis , 2016, Diabetes Care.

[6]  B. Mariottoni,et al.  Declining Risk of Sudden Death in Heart Failure. , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  D. DeMets,et al.  Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial , 1999, The Lancet.

[9]  Mark D. Huffman,et al.  Heart Failure in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America: The INTER-CHF study. , 2016, International journal of cardiology.

[10]  J. Butler,et al.  Effects of Canagliflozin on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. , 2017, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[11]  W. Shimizu,et al.  Regional and ethnic differences among patients with heart failure in Asia: the Asian sudden cardiac death in heart failure registry. , 2016, European heart journal.

[12]  Fach,et al.  Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in-Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) , 1999, The Lancet.

[13]  Akshay S. Desai,et al.  Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. , 2019, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  Zhiliang Ying,et al.  Semiparametric regression for the mean and rate functions of recurrent events , 2000 .

[15]  P. Ponikowski,et al.  Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: GALACTIC‐HF baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials , 2020, European journal of heart failure.

[16]  Tsung-Ming Lee,et al.  Dapagliflozin, a Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, Attenuated Cardiac Fibrosis by Regulating the Macrophage Polarization via STAT3 Signaling in Infarcted Rat Hearts , 2017, Free radical biology & medicine.

[17]  J. McMurray,et al.  Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  Y. Aizawa,et al.  The effect of dapagliflozin treatment on epicardial adipose tissue volume , 2018, Cardiovascular Diabetology.

[19]  Mark Woodward,et al.  Heart Failure Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, PLoS medicine.

[20]  P. Ponikowski,et al.  Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure. , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  P. Poole‐Wilson,et al.  Cardiovascular critical event pathways for the progression of heart failure; a report from the ATLAS study. , 2001, European heart journal.

[22]  S. Verma,et al.  Empagliflozin's Fuel Hypothesis: Not so Soon. , 2016, Cell metabolism.

[23]  C. O'connor,et al.  A standardized definition of ischemic cardiomyopathy for use in clinical research. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[24]  K. Alexander,et al.  Associations of gender and etiology with outcomes in heart failure with systolic dysfunction: a pooled analysis of 5 randomized control trials. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[25]  B. Pitt,et al.  The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  Akshay S. Desai,et al.  Aliskiren, Enalapril, or Aliskiren and Enalapril in Heart Failure. , 2016, The New England journal of medicine.

[27]  D. DeMets,et al.  Effects of Dapagliflozin on Symptoms, Function, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction , 2019, Circulation.

[28]  J. Cohn,et al.  The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  D. Levy,et al.  The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[30]  A. Giordano,et al.  Mechanisms and immediate outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with advanced heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[31]  Shunichi Homma,et al.  Warfarin and aspirin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[32]  Salim Yusuf,et al.  Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[33]  A. Mebazaa,et al.  Performance of Prognostic Risk Scores in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Enrolled in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. , 2018, JACC. Heart failure.

[34]  Lawrence A Leiter,et al.  Effects of canagliflozin versus glimepiride on adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes. , 2018, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[35]  Thomas J. Wang,et al.  The Epidemiology of Congestive Heart Failure: Contributions from the Framingham Heart Study , 2013 .

[36]  K. Lee,et al.  A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[37]  J. Rouleau,et al.  Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. , 2016, The New England journal of medicine.

[38]  Douglas L Packer,et al.  Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[39]  J. Cleland,et al.  Rivaroxaban in Patients with Heart Failure, Sinus Rhythm, and Coronary Disease , 2018, The New England journal of medicine.

[40]  M. Packer What causes sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction? , 2019, European heart journal.

[41]  S. Solomon,et al.  Outcomes and Effect of Treatment According to Etiology in HFrEF: An Analysis of PARADIGM-HF. , 2019, JACC. Heart failure.

[42]  G. Fonarow,et al.  Contemporary Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure in China: Results From the China Heart Failure (China-HF) Registry. , 2017, Journal of cardiac failure.

[43]  Deepak L. Bhatt,et al.  Association Between Hospital Volume, Processes of Care, and Outcomes in Patients Admitted With Heart Failure: Insights From Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure , 2018, Circulation.

[44]  Feng Liu,et al.  Impact of Etiology on the Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients Treated with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Meta-Analysis , 2014, PloS one.

[45]  Christopher M O'Connor,et al.  Heart failure etiology and response to milrinone in decompensated heart failure: results from the OPTIME-CHF study. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[46]  Akshay S. Desai,et al.  A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (DAPA‐HF) , 2019, European journal of heart failure.

[47]  M. Clearfield Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure. , 2009, Current atherosclerosis reports.

[48]  J. McMurray,et al.  Gender and survival in patients with heart failure: interactions with diabetes and aetiology. Results from the MAGGIC individual patient meta‐analysis † , 2012, European journal of heart failure.

[49]  J. Adamski,et al.  Effect of Empagliflozin on the Metabolic Signature of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease. , 2017, Circulation.