MicroRNA: A new player in stem cells

microRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of endogenous non‐protein‐coding small RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in many developmental and metabolic processes. miRNAs regulate a variety of biological processes, including developmental timing, signal transduction, tissue differentiation and maintenance, disease, and carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs also play an essential role in stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation. Some miRNAs are specifically expressed in stem cells, control stem cell self‐renewal, and differentiation through negatively regulating the expression of certain key genes in stem cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 266–269, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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