Interactions between three typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in binary mixtures exposure on myocardial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell.

In recent years, various kinds of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in human blood and urine. Thus, it was important to investigate the combined toxicity effect of EDCs. In the present study, we evaluated the individual and combined developmental toxicities of three classic EDCs: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and bisphenol A (BPA) by embryonic stem cell test (EST). The similarities and differences between combination of same chemical group as well as different chemical groups were investigated in this research. Our results showed that the three compounds were all classified as weak embryotoxicity. The results of co-exposure revealed that there was synergistic action in combination of PFOS and BPA on myocardial differentiation. However, in all endpoints, the combined effects between PFOA with PFOS or BPA were both additive action. Therefore, we concluded that the additive effects were found in most different EDC mixtures whether they had similar structure or not. On the other hand, synergistic action was observed in a mixture of EDCs that belonged to a different chemical groups.

[1]  Sanghun Kim,et al.  Reliable predictive computational toxicology methods for mixture toxicity: toward the development of innovative integrated models for environmental risk assessment , 2013, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology.

[2]  Andrea E M Seiler,et al.  The validated embryonic stem cell test to predict embryotoxicity in vitro , 2011, Nature Protocols.

[3]  Kun Yang,et al.  Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to Escherichia coli: Membrane disruption, oxidative stress, and DNA damage induced cell inactivation and/or death. , 2016, Environmental pollution.

[4]  J. Rochester.  Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature. , 2013, Reproductive toxicology.

[5]  C. Lau,et al.  Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. I: maternal and prenatal evaluations. , 2003, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[6]  Ying-ying Zhang,et al.  Protein profiles of cardiomyocyte differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate , 2016, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[7]  M. A. Mohd,et al.  Bisphenol S in urine from the United States and seven Asian countries: occurrence and human exposures. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[8]  Ana M Soto,et al.  Exposure to environmentally relevant doses of the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A alters development of the fetal mouse mammary gland. , 2007, Endocrinology.

[9]  M. Nadal,et al.  Levels of perfluorochemicals in water samples from Catalonia, Spain: is drinking water a significant contribution to human exposure? , 2008, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[10]  Zhuo Yu,et al.  Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induced embryotoxicity and disruption of cardiogenesis. , 2013, Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.

[11]  R. Niemeier,et al.  Testing of selected workplace chemicals for teratogenic potential. , 1981, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[12]  S. Genuis,et al.  Biomonitoring and Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds and Polychlorinated Biphenyls through Perspiration: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study , 2013, ISRN toxicology.

[13]  T. Pandita,et al.  Endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol-A, induces breast cancer associated gene HOXB9 expression in vitro and in vivo. , 2016, Gene.

[14]  M. Berenbaum.  The expected effect of a combination of agents: the general solution. , 1985, Journal of theoretical biology.

[15]  A. Kortenkamp.  Ten Years of Mixing Cocktails: A Review of Combination Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals , 2007, Environmental health perspectives.

[16]  Weng Kee Wong,et al.  The use of nonregular fractional factorial designs in combination toxicity studies. , 2009, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[17]  Aldert Piersma,et al.  The ECVAM International Validation Study on In Vitro Embryotoxicity Tests: Results of the Definitive Phase and Evaluation of Prediction Models , 2002, Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA.

[18]  Hermann Fromme,et al.  Perfluorinated compounds--exposure assessment for the general population in Western countries. , 2009, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[19]  X. Chen,et al.  Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A at the reference dose impairs mitochondria in the heart of neonatal rats , 2014, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[20]  Sara Negri,et al.  Prenatal Exposure to PFOS or PFOA Alters Motor Function in Mice in a Sex-Related Manner , 2011, Neurotoxicity Research.

[21]  Yi-Fan Li,et al.  Bisphenol A in Urine of Chinese Young Adults: Concentrations and Sources of Exposure , 2016, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.

[22]  Susanne Bremer,et al.  Validation of the Embryonic Stem Cell Test in the International ECVAM Validation Study on Three In Vitro Embryotoxicity Tests , 2004, Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA.

[23]  Jing Chen,et al.  Assessment of embryotoxicity of compounds in cosmetics by the embryonic stem cell test , 2010, Toxicology mechanisms and methods.

[24]  M. Wong,et al.  Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: a review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts. , 2012, Environment international.

[25]  A. Calafat,et al.  Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A and Three Other Bisphenols in Convenience Samples of U.S. Adults during 2000-2014. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[26]  Jianjun Jiang,et al.  Individual and combined developmental toxicity assessment of bisphenol A and genistein using the embryonic stem cell test in vitro. , 2013, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[27]  K. Kannan,et al.  Perfluorinated compounds in human blood, water, edible freshwater fish, and seafood in China: daily intake and regional differences in human exposures. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[28]  E. Ballesteros,et al.  Simultaneous determination of parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan in human urine, blood and breast milk by continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2016, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[29]  Interactions between estrogenic chemicals in binary mixtures investigated using vitellogenin induction and factorial analysis. , 2009, Chemosphere.