Research on Unregulated Emissions from an Alcohols-Gasoline Blend Vehicle Using FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS Measuring Methods

Unregulated emissions have become an important factor restricting the development of methanol and ethanol alternative alcohols fuels. Using two light-duty vehicles fuelled with pure gasoline, gasoline blend of 10% and 20% volume fraction of ethanol fuels, gasoline blend of 15% and 30% volume fraction of methanol fuels, New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) emission tests were carried on a chassis dynamometer according to ECE R83-05. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to measure methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene and isobutene emissions in the exhaust during the NEDC. The test results show that the methods of the integration of FTIR instantaneous values and the chemical analysis of bag sampling can both accurately measure formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene and toluene emissions in the vehicle exhaust. Comparing the instantaneous emissions and average emissions during the driving cycle of major pollutants, the good consistency of FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS measuring methods has been verified. The emissions deviations of various measurement methods are in the range of ± 10%. During the first acceleration condition, the instantaneous emissions of methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, propylene and 1,3-butadiene have the highest peak. Then with the three-way catalyst lights off, the emissions values gradually reduce to nearly zero and remain until the end of the driving cycle. As the alcohols proportion increasing in the fuel, CO2 emissions in the exhaust remain basically the same, HC, CO and CH4 emissions decrease slightly, NOX emissions increases slightly, unburned methanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increase proportionally, benzene, toluene, ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene and isobutene emissions decrease. CITATION: Zhang, F., Wang, J., Tian, D., Wang, J. et al., "Research on Unregulated Emissions from an Alcohols-Gasoline Blend Vehicle Using FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS Measuring Methods," SAE Int. J. Engines 6(2):2013, doi: 10.4271/2013-01-1345. ____________________________________ 1126 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROTECTED BY U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT It may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means. Downloaded from SAE International by Global Technology Library Demo, Wednesday, July 31, 2013 11:40:30 AM

[1]  Leslie Eudy,et al.  FTP Emissions Test Results from Flexible-Fuel Methanol Dodge Spirits and Ford Econoline Vans , 1996 .

[2]  Wang Ying,et al.  Effects of Methanol/Gasoline Blends on a Spark Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions , 2008 .

[3]  Wang Jianxin,et al.  Unregulated Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blended Fuels , 2010 .

[4]  Wai K. Cheng,et al.  Speciated Engine-Out Organic Gas Emissions from a PFI-SI Engine Operating on Ethanol/Gasoline Mixtures , 2009 .

[5]  Lee R. Lynd,et al.  Overview and evaluation of fuel ethanol from cellulosic biomass , 1996 .

[6]  Vincent Mahieu,et al.  Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the european context , 2004 .

[7]  Panagiotis D. Sparis,et al.  Behavior of a Small Four-Stroke Engine Using as Fuel Methanol - Gasoline Mixtures , 2003 .

[8]  Hou Yan-feng Unregulated Emissions Characteristics from SI Electronic Control Methanol Engine , 2006 .

[9]  Weijian Han,et al.  Economic, Environmental and Energy Life-Cycle Assessment of Coal Conversion to Automotive Fuels in China , 1998 .

[10]  M. Al-Hasan Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission , 2003 .

[11]  Xu Guan-peng Unregulated Emissions from Gasoline Engine Using Ethanol-Blended Gasoline as Fuels , 2006 .

[12]  E. Zervas,et al.  Emission of alcohols and carbonyl compounds from a spark ignition engine. Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[13]  Li Guangle Unregulated Emissions and Their Three-Way Catalytic Conversion of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Ethanol-Gasoline , 2010 .

[14]  Stavros G. Poulopoulos,et al.  Regulated and unregulated emissions from an internal combustion engine operating on ethanol-containing fuels , 2001 .

[15]  Jack D. Benson,et al.  Emissions with Reformulated Gasoline and Methanol Blends in 1992 and 1993 Model Year Vehicles , 1994 .

[16]  Lennart Erlandsson,et al.  Measurement Methodologies for Hydrocarbons, Ethanol and Aldehyde Emissions from Ethanol Fuelled Vehicles , 2010 .

[17]  Song Yu-xiang A Study on Exhaust Emission from Methanol Vehicle , 2008 .

[18]  K. T. Knapp,et al.  The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on the Emissions of Vehicles over a Wide Range of Temperatures. , 1998, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[19]  Jiming Hao,et al.  A study on emission characteristics of an EFI engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels , 2003 .