Abagyan R., Totrov M., Kuznetsov D. ICM-A new Method for protein Modeling and Design.Applications to Docking and structure Prediction from the Distorded native Conformation. 1994 J. Comp. Chem. 15, 488-506

[1]  S. Wodak,et al.  A Conserved Asn in Transmembrane Helix 7 Is an On/Off Switch in the Activation of the Thyrotropin Receptor* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[2]  J. Bae,et al.  Thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of two new human glycoprotein hormone subunits, activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[3]  M. Simoni,et al.  A New Subclass of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Lacking Exon 10 Messenger RNA in the New World Monkey (Platyrrhini) Lineage1 , 2003, Biology of reproduction.

[4]  T. Ji,et al.  Differential Roles of Exoloop 1 of the Human Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor in Hormone Binding and Receptor Activation (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[5]  S. Swillens,et al.  Glycoprotein hormone receptors: link between receptor homodimerization and negative cooperativity , 2005, The EMBO journal.

[6]  M. Berridge.  Rapid accumulation of inositol trisphosphate reveals that agonists hydrolyse polyphosphoinositides instead of phosphatidylinositol. , 1983, The Biochemical journal.

[7]  K. Tanaka,et al.  Evidence that the thyrotropin receptor ectodomain contains not one, but two, cleavage sites. , 1997, Endocrinology.

[8]  S. Swillens,et al.  Somatic mutations causing constitutive activity of the thyrotropin receptor are the major cause of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas: identification of additional mutations activating both the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and inositol phosphate-Ca2+ cascades. , 1995, Molecular endocrinology.

[9]  K. Sangkuhl,et al.  Structural Requirements for Mutational Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Activation* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[10]  B. Rapoport,et al.  Insight into Graves' hyperthyroidism from animal models. , 2005, Endocrine reviews.

[11]  T. Akamizu,et al.  Role of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain and exoplasmic loops of the transmembrane domain of the TSH receptor: effect of mutation to serine on TSH receptor activity and response to thyroid stimulating autoantibodies. , 1992, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[12]  R. Kretsinger,et al.  Structural analysis of leucine-rich-repeat variants in proteins associated with human diseases , 2005, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS.

[13]  Marcus Elstner,et al.  The retinal conformation and its environment in rhodopsin in light of a new 2.2 A crystal structure. , 2004, Journal of molecular biology.

[14]  Zhirong Sun,et al.  Structural and functional characterization of the human CCR5 receptor in complex with HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein and CD4 receptor by molecular modeling studies , 2003, Journal of molecular modeling.

[15]  K. Wawrowsky,et al.  Evidence that human thyroid cells express uncleaved, single-chain thyrotropin receptors on their surface. , 2006, Endocrinology.

[16]  N. Isaacs,et al.  Determination of residues important in hormone binding to the extracellular domain of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor by site-directed mutagenesis and modeling. , 1996, Molecular endocrinology.

[17]  N. Pfarr,et al.  Mild congenital primary hypothyroidism in a Turkish family caused by a homozygous missense thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene mutation (A593 V). , 2005, Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes.

[18]  B. Rapoport,et al.  Role of the carboxyl-terminal half of the extracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor in signal transduction. , 1992, Endocrinology.

[19]  I. Huhtaniemi,et al.  Mutations of gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors: elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of pituitary-gonadal function. , 2000, Endocrine reviews.

[20]  R. Paschke,et al.  Identification of a Novel Epitope in the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor Ectodomain Acting as Intramolecular Signaling Interface*[boxs] , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[21]  R. Paschke,et al.  A free carboxylate oxygen in the side chain of position 674 in transmembrane domain 7 is necessary for TSH receptor activation. , 2001, Molecular endocrinology.

[22]  R. Salesse,et al.  A defined epitope on the human choriogonadotropin alpha-subunit interacts with the second extracellular loop of the transmembrane domain of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor. , 1996, European journal of biochemistry.

[23]  J. Dumont,et al.  Thyrotropin stimulates the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human thyroid cells. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[24]  B. Rapoport,et al.  Targeted restoration of cleavage in a noncleaving thyrotropin receptor demonstrates that cleavage is insufficient to enhance ligand-independent activity. , 2003, Endocrinology.

[25]  M. Jeoung,et al.  Trans-activation of mutant follicle-stimulating hormone receptors selectively generates only one of two hormone signals. , 2004, Molecular endocrinology.

[26]  C. Timmers,et al.  The First Orally Active Low Molecular Weight Agonists for the LH Receptor: Thienopyr(im)idines with Therapeutic Potential for Ovulation Induction , 2002, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[27]  T. Davies,et al.  Multimeric complex formation by the thyrotropin receptor in solubilized thyroid membranes. , 1996, Endocrinology.

[28]  Gert Vriend,et al.  GRIS: glycoprotein-hormone receptor information system. , 2006, Molecular endocrinology.

[29]  Kolakowski Lf.  GCRDB: A G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR DATABASE , 1994 .

[30]  G. Vauquelin,et al.  G protein‐coupled receptors: a count of 1001 conformations , 2005, Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.

[31]  B. Rapoport,et al.  Evidence that the C terminus of the A subunit suppresses thyrotropin receptor constitutive activity. , 2003, Endocrinology.

[32]  H. Vischer,et al.  Identification of follicle-stimulating hormone-selective beta-strands in the N-terminal hormone-binding exodomain of human gonadotropin receptors. , 2006, Molecular endocrinology.

[33]  J. Ballesteros,et al.  [19] Integrated methods for the construction of three-dimensional models and computational probing of structure-function relations in G protein-coupled receptors , 1995 .

[34]  Katrin Sangkuhl,et al.  Mutant G-protein-coupled receptors as a cause of human diseases. , 2004, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[35]  F. Fanelli,et al.  The Formation of a Salt Bridge Between Helices 3 and 6 Is Responsible for the Constitutive Activity and Lack of Hormone Responsiveness of the Naturally Occurring L457R Mutation of the Human Lutropin Receptor* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[36]  E. Milgrom,et al.  Four families with loss of function mutations of the thyrotropin receptor. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[37]  R. Latif,et al.  Ligand-dependent Inhibition of Oligomerization at the Human Thyrotropin Receptor* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[38]  J. Parma,et al.  Constitutive activation of the TSH receptor by spontaneous mutations affecting the N‐terminal extracellular domain , 1997, FEBS letters.

[39]  C. Tung,et al.  High Affinity Hormone Binding to the Extracellular N-terminal Exodomain of the Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor Is Critically Modulated by Exoloop 3* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[40]  T. Maruo,et al.  Activation of the luteinizing hormone receptor in the extracellular domain , 2003, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[41]  L. Pardo,et al.  Glycoprotein hormone receptors: determinants in leucine‐rich repeats responsible for ligand specificity , 2003, The EMBO journal.

[42]  Manfred Burghammer,et al.  Structure of bovine rhodopsin in a trigonal crystal form. , 2003, Journal of molecular biology.

[43]  Functional characteristics of three new germline mutations of the thyrotropin receptor gene causing autosomal dominant toxic thyroid hyperplasia. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[44]  P. Touraine,et al.  Delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea associated with a novel mutation of the human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor: clinical, histological, and molecular studies. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[45]  S. Sudo,et al.  H3 Relaxin Is a Specific Ligand for LGR7 and Activates the Receptor by Interacting with Both the Ectodomain and the Exoloop 2* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[46]  Wayne A. Hendrickson,et al.  Structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone in complex with its receptor , 2005, Nature.

[47]  R. Nicholas,et al.  Agonist Versus Antagonist Action of ATP at the P2Y4 Receptor Is Determined by the Second Extracellular Loop* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[48]  G Vassart,et al.  Multiple Charged and Aromatic Residues in CCR5 Amino-terminal Domain Are Involved in High Affinity Binding of Both Chemokines and HIV-1 Env Protein* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[49]  R. Paschke,et al.  Interactions between the extracellular domain and the extracellular loops as well as the 6th transmembrane domain are necessary for TSH receptor activation. , 2005, European journal of endocrinology.

[50]  J. Kuhn,et al.  Sulfated Tyrosines Contribute to the Formation of the C5a Docking Site of the Human C5a Anaphylatoxin Receptor , 2001, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[51]  S. Costagliola,et al.  Effects of mutations involving the highly conserved S281HCC motif in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor on TSH binding and constitutive activity. , 2001, Endocrinology.

[52]  R. Paschke,et al.  Structural determinants for G-protein activation and specificity in the third intracellular loop of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor , 2006, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

[53]  P. Kopp,et al.  Congenital hyperthyroidism caused by a solitary toxic adenoma harboring a novel somatic mutation (serine281-->isoleucine) in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[54]  R. Salesse,et al.  Rescue of intracellularly trapped lutropin receptor exodomain by endodomain and reconstitution of a functional membrane receptor: interaction between exo- and endodomains. , 2002, Protein expression and purification.

[55]  R Abagyan,et al.  High-throughput docking for lead generation. , 2001, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[56]  Y. Xing,et al.  Model of Glycoprotein Hormone Receptor Ligand Binding and Signaling* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[57]  U. Leser,et al.  Implications for molecular mechanisms of glycoprotein hormone receptors using a new sequence-structure-function analysis resource. , 2007, Molecular endocrinology.

[58]  M. Gershengorn,et al.  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors -- similarities and differences. , 2003, Journal of molecular endocrinology.

[59]  K. Tanaka,et al.  Thyrotropin Receptor Cleavage at Site 1 Does Not Involve a Specific Amino Acid Motif but Instead Depends on the Presence of the Unique, 50 Amino Acid Insertion* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[60]  K. Palczewski,et al.  Crystal Structure of Rhodopsin: A G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor , 2002, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[61]  W. Hendrickson,et al.  Assembly and structural characterization of an authentic complex between human follicle stimulating hormone and a hormone-binding ectodomain of its receptor , 2007, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[62]  M. Jeoung,et al.  Follicle-stimulating Hormone Interacts with Exoloop 3 of the Receptor* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[63]  R. Gilchrist,et al.  The Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Has Distinct Transmembrane Conductors for cAMP and Inositol Phosphate Signals* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[64]  T. Mori,et al.  Cysteine-699, a possible palmitoylation site of the thyrotropin receptor, is not crucial for cAMP or phosphoinositide signaling but is necessary for full surface expression. , 1996, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[65]  N. Skelton,et al.  Structure of a CXC chemokine-receptor fragment in complex with interleukin-8. , 1999, Structure.

[66]  Kurt Kristiansen,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, signaling, and regulation within the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors: molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches to receptor structure and function. , 2004, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[67]  R. Paschke,et al.  A Low Molecular Weight Agonist Signals by Binding to the Transmembrane Domain of Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) and Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor (LHCGR)* , 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[68]  T. Mori,et al.  TSH receptor and LH receptor, 1995. , 1995, Endocrine journal.

[69]  J. Galzi,et al.  Identification of the extracellular loop 2 as the point of interaction between the N terminus of the chemokine MIP-1alpha and its CCR1 receptor. , 2002, Molecular pharmacology.

[70]  L. Pardo,et al.  A molecular dissection of the glycoprotein hormone receptors. , 2004, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[71]  J. Thompson,et al.  CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[72]  R Abagyan,et al.  Flexible protein–ligand docking by global energy optimization in internal coordinates , 1997, Proteins.

[73]  L. Pardo,et al.  Lysine 183 and glutamic acid 157 of the TSH receptor: two interacting residues with a key role in determining specificity toward TSH and human CG. , 2002, Molecular endocrinology.

[74]  G. Schultz,et al.  The human thyrotropin receptor: a heptahelical receptor capable of stimulating members of all four G protein families. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[75]  R. Paschke,et al.  Therapy of hyperthyroidism. , 2003, Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association.

[76]  T. Ji,et al.  The α-Subunit of Human Choriogonadotropin Interacts with the Exodomain of the Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor. , 1999, Endocrinology.

[77]  K. Jacobson,et al.  Architecture of P2Y nucleotide receptors: structural comparison based on sequence analysis, mutagenesis, and homology modeling. , 2004, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[78]  H. Vaudry,et al.  Ala/Thr201 in extracellular loop 2 and Leu/Phe290 in transmembrane domain 6 of type 1 frog gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor confer differential ligand sensitivity and signal transduction , 2003 .

[79]  T. Meehan,et al.  Structure‐Function Relationships of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor , 2005, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[80]  M. Ascoli,et al.  The lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor, a 2002 perspective. , 2002, Endocrine reviews.

[81]  S. Costagliola,et al.  Activating mutations of TSH receptor. , 2004, Annales d'endocrinologie.

[82]  W. Hendrickson,et al.  Structural bology of glycoprotein hormones and their receptors , 2005, Endocrine.

[83]  T. Mori,et al.  Constitutive activation of the thyrotropin receptor by deletion of a portion of the extracellular domain. , 1995, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC.

[84]  R. Paschke,et al.  Deletions in the Third Intracellular Loop of the Thyrotropin Receptor , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[85]  B. Kobilka,et al.  Co-expression of Defective Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Fragments Partially Reconstitutes Ligand-induced Signal Generation* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[86]  R. Sprengel,et al.  Amino‐terminal leucine‐rich repeats in gonadotropin receptors determine hormone selectivity. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[87]  D. Puett,et al.  Identification of Two Amino Acid Residues on the Extracellular Domain of the Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Important in Signaling (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[88]  A. IJzerman,et al.  Recent developments in constitutive receptor activity and inverse agonism, and their potential for GPCR drug discovery. , 2006, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[89]  R. Campbell,et al.  Model of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Lutropin Receptor Interaction That Explains Signal Transduction of the Glycoprotein Hormones (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[90]  R. Paschke,et al.  Functional characterization of five constitutively activating thyrotrophin receptor mutations , 2000, Clinical endocrinology.

[91]  E. Nieschlag,et al.  The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor: biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, and pathophysiology. , 1997, Endocrine reviews.

[92]  R. Latif,et al.  Functional Assessment of the Thyrotropin Receptor-β Subunit , 2003 .

[93]  William J Welsh,et al.  Homology model of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor: Sites critical for nonclassical cannabinoid agonist interaction , 2003, Biopolymers.

[94]  G. McDermott,et al.  Structure of the Nogo Receptor Ectodomain A Recognition Module Implicated in Myelin Inhibition , 2003, Neuron.

[95]  Xuebo Liu,et al.  Mutations of the Second Extracellular Loop of the Human Lutropin Receptor Emphasize the Importance of Receptor Activation and De-emphasize the Importance of Receptor Phosphorylation in Agonist-induced Internalization* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[96]  Ruben Abagyan,et al.  Prediction of the binding energy for small molecules, peptides and proteins , 1999, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[97]  B. Wiesner,et al.  Pharmacochaperones Post-translationally Enhance Cell Surface Expression by Increasing Conformational Stability of Wild-type and Mutant Vasopressin V2 Receptors* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[98]  R. Paschke,et al.  An aromatic environment in the vicinity of serine 281 is a structural requirement for thyrotropin receptor function. , 2006, Endocrinology.

[99]  T. Gudermann,et al.  The structural basis of G-protein-coupled receptor function and dysfunction in human diseases. , 2002, Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology.

[100]  M. Parmentier,et al.  Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies. , 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[101]  S. Filetti,et al.  A Phe 486 thyrotropin receptor mutation in an autonomously functioning follicular carcinoma that was causing hyperthyroidism. , 2000, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[102]  Bostjan Kobe,et al.  Crystal structure of porcine ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein with leucine-rich repeats , 1993, Nature.

[103]  M. Dufau.  The luteinizing hormone receptor. , 1998, Annual review of physiology.

[104]  B. Rapoport,et al.  Insight into thyrotropin receptor cleavage by engineering the single polypeptide chain luteinizing hormone receptor into a cleaving, two subunit receptor. , 2001, European journal of biochemistry.

[105]  W. Scherbaum,et al.  Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in Graves' disease , 2005, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.

[106]  R. Paschke,et al.  Structural determinants for g protein activation and selectivity in the second intracellular loop of the thyrotropin receptor. , 2005, Endocrinology.

[107]  T. Ji,et al.  Lys91 and His90 of the alpha-subunit are crucial for receptor binding and hormone action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and play hormone-specific roles in FSH and human chorionic gonadotropin. , 1995, Endocrinology.

[108]  B. Kobe,et al.  Assessment of the ability to model proteins with leucine‐rich repeats in light of the latest structural information , 2002, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[109]  B. Rapoport,et al.  The Thyrotropin (TSH)-Releasing Hormone Receptor: Interaction with TSH and Autoantibodies , 1998 .

[110]  T. Gudermann,et al.  A conserved tyrosine residue (Y601) in transmembrane domain 5 of the human thyrotropin receptor serves as a molecular switch to determine G‐protein coupling , 1998, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[111]  T. Davies,et al.  Folding of the recombinant human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor extracellular domain: identification of folded monomeric and tetrameric complexes that bind TSH receptor autoantibodies. , 1995, Endocrinology.

[112]  T. Akamizu,et al.  Site-directed mutagenesis of a portion of the extracellular domain of the rat thyrotropin receptor important in autoimmune thyroid disease and nonhomologous with gonadotropin receptors. Relationship of functional and immunogenic domains. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[113]  N. Isaacs,et al.  Modulation of High Affinity Hormone Binding , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[114]  B. Haugen,et al.  A review of the potential uses for recombinant human TSH in patients with thyroid cancer and nodular goiter , 2004, Clinical endocrinology.

[115]  J. Dias,et al.  Human follicle stimulating hormone receptor trafficking and hormone binding sites in the amino terminus , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[116]  D. Russo,et al.  Thyrotropin-luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor extracellular domain chimeras as probes for thyrotropin receptor function. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[117]  D. Segaloff,et al.  Constitutive and Agonist-dependent Self-association of the Cell Surface Human Lutropin Receptor* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[118]  B. Weintraub,et al.  Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships. , 2002, Physiological reviews.

[119]  S. Costagliola,et al.  A physiological role for the posttranslational cleavage of the thyrotropin receptor? , 2004, Endocrinology.

[120]  Ruben Abagyan,et al.  Ab InitioFolding of Peptides by the Optimal-Bias Monte Carlo Minimization Procedure , 1999 .

[121]  M. Szkudlinski.  Past, presence and future of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) superactive analogs. , 2004, Cancer treatment and research.

[122]  Masakatsu Kamiya,et al.  Structural principles of leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) proteins , 2003, Proteins.

[123]  R. Paschke,et al.  Significance of Ectodomain Cysteine Boxes 2 and 3 for the Activation Mechanism of the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor* , 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[124]  E. Milgrom,et al.  Two-subunit structure of the human thyrotropin receptor. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[125]  M. Dufau,et al.  Requirement of Cysteine Residues in Exons 16 of the Extracellular Domain of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor for Gonadotropin Binding (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[126]  P. Conn,et al.  Cis- and trans-activation of hormone receptors: the LH receptor. , 2002, Molecular endocrinology.

[127]  T. Schwartz,et al.  Molecular mechanism of 7TM receptor activation--a global toggle switch model. , 2006, Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology.

[128]  D. Puett,et al.  Lys583 in the Third Extracellular Loop of the Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Is Critical for Signaling (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[129]  T. Ji,et al.  The Role of the Hinge Region of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Hormone Interaction and Signal Generation* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[130]  T. Gudermann,et al.  Homozygous mutation within the conserved Ala-Phe-Asn-Glu-Thr motif of exon 7 of the LH receptor causes male pseudohermaphroditism. , 2002, European journal of endocrinology.

[131]  R. Paschke,et al.  Novel thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Ile568Val) in a Saxonian family with hereditary nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism. , 2005, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[132]  R. Paschke,et al.  Somatic Mutations in the Thyrotropin Receptor Gene and Not in the Gsα Protein Gene in 31 Toxic Thyroid Nodules1 , 1997 .

[133]  S. Swillens,et al.  Somatic and germline mutations of the TSH receptor gene in thyroid diseases. , 1995, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[134]  T. Blundell,et al.  Analysis of the thyrotropin receptor-thyrotropin interaction by comparative modeling. , 2004, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[135]  M. Hearn,et al.  Molecular architecture and biorecognition processes of the cystine knot protein superfamily: part I. The glycoprotein hormones , 2000, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[136]  E. Milgrom,et al.  Shedding of Human Thyrotropin Receptor Ectodomain , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[137]  D S Moss,et al.  Main-chain bond lengths and bond angles in protein structures. , 1993, Journal of molecular biology.

[138]  B. Kobilka,et al.  Activation of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Following Substitution of Ser-277 with Selective Hydrophobic Residues in the Ectodomain Hinge Region* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[139]  R. Seifert,et al.  Constitutive activity of G-protein-coupled receptors: cause of disease and common property of wild-type receptors , 2002, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.

[140]  R. Paschke,et al.  Thyrotropin receptor mutations as a tool to understand thyrotropin receptor action , 2001, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

[141]  Øyvind Edvardsen,et al.  A database of mutants and effects of site‐directed mutagenesis experiments on G protein‐coupled receptors , 1996, Proteins.

[142]  S. Costagliola,et al.  Tyrosine sulfation is required for agonist recognition by glycoprotein hormone receptors , 2002, The EMBO journal.

[143]  J. Imperato-McGinley,et al.  A novel mutation of the human luteinizing hormone receptor in 46XY and 46XX sisters. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[144]  F. Fanelli,et al.  Constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor mutants: implications on receptor function and drug action. , 2003, Assay and drug development technologies.

[145]  R. Gilchrist,et al.  Exoloop 3 of the Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[146]  W. Hendrickson,et al.  Structural predictions for the ligand-binding region of glycoprotein hormone receptors and the nature of hormone-receptor interactions. , 1995, Structure.

[147]  S. Costagliola,et al.  Specificity and promiscuity of gonadotropin receptors. , 2005, Reproduction.

[148]  S. Costagliola,et al.  Activation of the cAMP pathway by the TSH receptor involves switching of the ectodomain from a tethered inverse agonist to an agonist. , 2002, Molecular endocrinology.

[149]  Leonardo Pardo,et al.  An Activation Switch in the Rhodopsin Family of G Protein-coupled Receptors , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[150]  Rauf Latif,et al.  Thyrotropin receptor-associated diseases: from adenomata to Graves disease. , 2005, The Journal of clinical investigation.