3–5 GHz UWB Impulse Radio Transmitter and Receiver MMIC Optimized for Long Range Precision Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract-In this paper, an ultra wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) transmitter and receiver monolithic microwave integrate circuit (MMIC) for precision localization sensor network is presented. Longer range is achieved with low power consumption at the transmitter by fully exploiting FCC's peak power constraint efficiently. The transmitter and receiver MMIC are fabricated on a commercial low cost 2 μm GaAs HBT process. The transmitter MMIC peak power output is 20 dBm with power consumption of 0.8 mW at 1 MHz pulse repetitive rate. The receiver MMIC uses non-coherent detection and has a 44 dB front-end conversion gain. The receiver MMIC is cascaded with a 500 MHz baseband amplifier to achieve input tangential signal sensitivity (TSS) of - 71 dBm. Equivalent time sampling using analogue to digital converters running at around a few MHz is utilized for precise time of arrival ranging with low cost components. Two dimensional wireless localization network utilizing time difference of arrival (TDOA) is constructed and test results covering an 80 X 90 m2 area show position error variance of less than 10 cm. Ranging at 200 m is demonstrated with range error variance of better than 15 cm.

[1]  I. Guvenc,et al.  Threshold-based TOA estimation for impulse radio UWB systems , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband.

[2]  Laurent Ouvry,et al.  A 1.1nJ/b 802.15.4a-compliant fully integrated UWB transceiver in 0.13µm CMOS , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[3]  Barrie Gilbert,et al.  A precise four-quadrant multiplier with subnanosecond response , 1968, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Newsletter.

[4]  Ian Oppermann,et al.  An ultrawideband system architecture for tag based wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  C. Nguyen,et al.  On the development of a compact sub-nanosecond tunable monocycle pulse transmitter for UWB applications , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[6]  Songcheol Hong,et al.  A CMOS UWB Pulse Generator for 6–10 GHz Applications , 2009, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[7]  Seok-Kyun Han,et al.  Energy-Efficient Low-Complexity CMOS Pulse Generator for Multiband UWB Impulse Radio , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[8]  M.R. Mahfouz,et al.  Real-Time Noncoherent UWB Positioning Radar With Millimeter Range Accuracy: Theory and Experiment , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[9]  J. Barney,et al.  Commercialization of an ultra wideband precision asset location system , 2003, IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies, 2003.

[10]  A. Chandrakasan,et al.  Gaussian pulse Generators for subbanded ultra-wideband transmitters , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[11]  Youngjoong Joo,et al.  All-digital low-power CMOS pulse generator for UWB system , 2004 .

[12]  Joungho Kim,et al.  System-on-package ultra-wideband transmitter using CMOS impulse generator , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[13]  R. Vauche,et al.  A 9-pJ/Pulse 1.42-Vpp OOK CMOS UWB Pulse Generator for the 3.1–10.6-GHz FCC Band , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[14]  J.C.M. Hwang,et al.  Order-of-magnitude improvement in microwave power capacity of InGaP/GaAs HBT under isothermal pulsed operation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices.

[15]  Yuanjin Zheng,et al.  A CMOS Ultra Low-Power and Highly Efficient UWB-IR Transmitter for WPAN Applications , 2009, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs.

[16]  H. Ishikuro,et al.  A 750 Mb/s, 12 pJ/b, 6-to-10 GHz CMOS IR-UWB Transmitter With Embedded On-Chip Antenna , 2009, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[17]  K. Sakamura,et al.  A UWB-IR Transmitter With Digitally Controlled Pulse Generator , 2007, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[18]  Y. Sanada,et al.  A CMOS ultra-wideband impulse radio transceiver for 1-mb/s data communications and /spl plusmn/2.5-cm range finding , 2006, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[19]  Zhiming Chen,et al.  A 2Gbps RF-correlation-based impulse-radio UWB transceiver front-end in 130nm CMOS , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[20]  Tadahiro Kuroda,et al.  A CMOS ultra-wideband impulse radio transceiver for 1-Mb/s data communications and ±2.5-cm range finding , 2006, VLSIC 2006.

[21]  Yuanjin Zheng,et al.  A low power noncoherent CMOS UWB transceiver ICs , 2005, 2005 IEEE Radio Frequency integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium - Digest of Papers.

[22]  A.E. Fathy,et al.  Performance Enhancement of a Sub-Sampling Circuit for Ultra-Wideband Signal Processing , 2007, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[23]  Julius O. Smith,et al.  Closed-form least-squares source location estimation from range-difference measurements , 1987, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[24]  Jeffrey Hugh Reed.  Introduction to ultra wideband communication systems, an , 2005 .

[25]  Bin Zhao,et al.  A Broadband CMOS Multiplier-Based Correlator for IR-UWB Transceiver SoC , 2007, 2007 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium.

[26]  C. Law,et al.  High-Voltage High-Efficiency Ultrawideband Pulse Synthesizer , 2010, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[27]  Jingjing Xia,et al.  A 3-5 GHz impulse radio UWB transceiver IC optimized for precision localization at longer ranges , 2010, 2010 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.

[28]  R.J. Fontana,et al.  Recent system applications of short-pulse ultra-wideband (UWB) technology , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[29]  Denis C. Daly,et al.  A pulsed UWB receiver SoC for insect motion control , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[30]  James C. M. Hwang,et al.  Tunable pulse generator for ultra-wideband applications , 2009, 2009 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference.

[31]  Marian Verhelst,et al.  A Reconfigurable, 130 nm CMOS 108 pJ/pulse, Fully Integrated IR-UWB Receiver for Communication and Precise Ranging , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[32]  G. Turin,et al.  An introduction to matched filters , 1960, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[33]  R.J. Fontana,et al.  Observations on Low Data Rate, Short Pulse UWB Systems , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband.

[34]  Robert H. Kingston,et al.  Switching Time in Junction Diodes and Junction Transistors , 1954, Proceedings of the IRE.