Energy gradient line approach for direct hydraulic calculation in drip irrigation design

SummaryDirect calculations can be made for all emitter flows along a lateral line and in a submain unit based on an Energy Gradient Line (EGL) approach. Errors caused by the EGL approach were evaluated by a computer simulation. A Revised Energy Gradient Line (REGL) approach, developed using a mean discharge approximation, can reduce the errors and match with the results from a Step-by-Step (SBS) calculation for all emitters in a drip system. The developed equations can be used for computerized design of drip irrigation systems.