The stability of facial osteotomies. 1. The evolution of maxillary, mandibular and chin osteotomies.

Surgical repositioning of the dento-skeletal components of the face, combined with appropriate orthodontic treatment, can be used to improve function and aesthetics. An extensive number of osteotomies are performed within the maxillofacial region. The most common of these are the Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla, the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus, and the horizontal osteotomy of the anterior mandible. The attainment of three dimensional stability following corrective jaw surgery continues to be a major problem in the post-surgical period, in spite of the widespread adoption of rigid internal osteosynthesis. The evolution of these osteotomies to advance dento-skeletal components is traced from their inception to the present day and the concept of stability is explained (Part I). This serves as a prelude to an investigation into the stability of these procedures, undertaken in isolation or combination, to advance selected segments of the mid- and lower face (Parts 2, 3, 4, 5).

[1]  B. Epker,et al.  Orthognathic surgery: the correction of dentofacial deformities. , 1993, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[2]  A. Nattestad,et al.  Soft tissue changes after advancement genioplasty performed as pedicled or free transplants. , 1991, Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

[3]  A. Nattestad,et al.  Bone resorption after advancement genioplasty. Pedicled and non-pedicled grafts. , 1991, Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

[4]  T. Welch.  Stability in the correction of dentofacial deformities: a comprehensive review. , 1989, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[5]  L. Wolford,et al.  Surgical modification for the correction of chin deformities. , 1988, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[6]  R. Drommer.  The history of the "Le Fort I osteotomy". , 1986, Journal of maxillofacial surgery.

[7]  W H Bell,et al.  Simultaneous repositioning of the maxilla, mandible, and chin. Treatment planning and analysis of soft tissues. , 1986, American journal of orthodontics.

[8]  S. Schendel.  Genioplasty: A Physiological Approach , 1985, Annals of plastic surgery.

[9]  J. Delaire,et al.  Correction of anterior mandibular vertical excess: the functional genioplasty. , 1985, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[10]  P. Dechow,et al.  Advancement genioplasty with and without soft tissue pedicle: An experimental investigation. , 1984, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[11]  B. Epker,et al.  Vascular considerations in orthognathic surgery. II. Maxillary osteotomies. , 1984, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[12]  B. Epker.  Vascular considerations in orthognathic surgery. I. Mandibular osteotomies. , 1984, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[13]  H. Tideman,et al.  Reappraisal of the mandibular step osteotomy. , 1982, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[14]  P. Worthington,et al.  The origin of the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy: Cheever's operation. , 1981, Journal of oral surgery.

[15]  Carpenter Am,et al.  A quantitative histologic study of tissue responses to ramal sagittal splitting procedures. , 1979 .

[16]  Epker Bn.  Modifications in the sagittal osteotomy of the mandible. , 1977 .

[17]  D. Wedgwood,et al.  Experience with an intraoral stepostectomy of the mandible for prognathism. , 1976, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[18]  Bell Wh.  Le Forte I osteotomy for correction of maxillary deformities. , 1975 .

[19]  Bell Wh,et al.  Bone healing and revascularization after total maxillary osteotomy. , 1975 .

[20]  Richter Kj,et al.  A radioisotope study of the vascular response to sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. , 1974 .

[21]  Kent Jn,et al.  Genioplasty: the versatility of horizontal osteotomy. , 1969 .

[22]  H. Obwegeser.  SURGICAL CORRECTION OF SMALL OR RETRODISPLACED MAXILLAE The “Dish‐face” Deformity , 1969, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[23]  J. Converse,et al.  HORIZONTAL OSTEOTOMY OF THE MANDIBLE , 1964, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[24]  H. Obwegeser,et al.  THE INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL CORRECTION OF MANDIBULAR DEFORMITY BY THE SAGITTAL SPLITTING TECHNIQUE. , 1964, British Journal of Oral Surgery.

[25]  H. Obwegeser,et al.  The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty. I. Surgical procedures to correct mandibular prognathism and reshaping of the chin. , 1957, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[26]  J. Converse,et al.  TREATMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE JAWS , 1952, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[27]  Dingman Ro,et al.  Treatment of malunion fractures of facial bones. , 1951 .

[28]  W. Babcock.  THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CERTAIN DEFORMITIES OF THE JAW ASSOCIATED WITH MALOCCLUSION OF THE TEETH , 1909 .

[29]  S. P. Hullihen.  Case of Elongation of the under Jaw and Distortion of the Face and Neck, Caused by a Burn, Successfully Treated , 1849, The American journal of dental science.