Thymol blue immobilized on tapered fibers as optical transducer for pH sensing

The present work is concerned with the optical characterization of an evanescent wave sensor for pH detection. First, the interaction between the solution containing the acid-base indicator and the fiber core was investigated. Then, the acid-base indicator, thymol blue, was covalently immobilized on the core of a 200/380 micrometers fiber by means of a silylation process of the glass surface. The fiber core surface was modified along a section of 8 mm. A comparison was made using both bare and tapered fibers, with a tapering ratio (fiber diameter/waist diameter) of 2.3. An enhancement in sensitivity of a factor 6 was observed with tapered fibers in the 1/2.5 range, and a sensitivity of 0.05 pH units was attained.