Etude expérimentale de l'effet du vol sur le bruit de choc de jets supersoniques sous-détendus

L’effet du vol d’avancement sur le bruit de choc de jets supersoniques sous-detendus est etudie de maniere experimentale. La structure de tels jets est d’abord exploree, avec et sans vol simule. L’analyse employee allie des visualisations strioscopiques a des mesures quantitatives de pression statique et de vitesse, par velocimetrie laser Doppler et velocimetrie par images de particules. L’accent est mis sur l’etude de l’ecoulement moyen et des proprietes de la turbulence dans la couche de melange. L’effet du vol sur la composante tonale du bruit de choc, le screech, est ensuite examine. A l’aide d’une antenne azimutale de microphones placee dans le champ proche acoustique, une analyse fine des modes du screech est notamment proposee. Par ailleurs, plusieurs effets de cette composante de bruit sur la dynamique du jet sont mis en evidence, en particulier l’oscillation des chocs ; on montre que cette oscillation est intimement liee au mode du screech. De maniere a etudier specifiquement la composante large bande du bruit de choc, diverses techniques de suppression du screech sont ensuite explorees.L’utilisation d’une tuyere crenelee s’est revelee satisfaisante pour l’eliminer de maniere non-intrusive et a permis de deduire son influence sur le bruit de choc large bande. Enfin, l’effet du vol sur cette derniere composante est determine par l’etude de l’evolution de sa frequence centrale, de son amplitude et de sa forme spectrale en situation de vol simule. Une explication des tendances observees est alors proposee a la lumiere des resultats aerodynamiques obtenus.

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