Energy Efficiency In Residential Buildings: A Case Study Of 1004 FederalHousing Authority Estate, Victoria Island, Lagos
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Globally, energy consumption in buildings takes up the largest proportion of world‘s energy production.
This consumption is more in developing countries including Nigeria and Least Developed economies than
the developed worlds. Researches are therefore, currently been geared towards reducing energy
consumption due to the global problem of insufficient energy needed to meet the demand and the attendant
environmental issues associated with the production based largely on fossil burning. In Nigeria,
consumption in buildings takes up about a third of the total electricity production with Lagos accounting
for the larger percentage of the total energy production due to the fast rising population, teeming economic
growth and increased rate of construction across the state. This paper thus investigates the energy
consumption in residential buildings (1004 Federal Housing Authority Estate), in Lagos state. Survey
analysis approach was adopted in this work. Field trips to the study area were conducted, measurements
were taken and questionnaires were administered to occupants. The design features of the buildings were
analyzed. The household equipments and the occupants were also taken into consideration. The work also
analyze the present electric energy use for cooling and lighting typical residential buildings of upper
income households in Lagos and the possible energy savings by adopting certain energy efficient features
(in wall) in the case study building. The enveloped thermal transfer value (ETTV) equation was utilized to
account for the quantity of heat taking into the building through the buildings envelop. Building wall of
200mm concrete thickness plastered with 13mm cement thickness in and out was used in the study. Result
obtained indicates that doubling the thickness of external walls, reduces the cooling load of the building
and hence reduces its total energy consumption. The total envelop energy of the building obtained was
found to be 64.98W/m2, while 57.60 W/m2 was obtained when perlite was used in wall plastering in place
of the cement with same thickness. Improvement of energy efficiency in residential buildings was also achieved through series of demonstration works carried out in the analysis using ETTV equation. The study
established that the perlite plaster has a lower thermal transmittance value (U-value) when compare to that
of cement hence a better energy reducing material option in building construction. The impact of ETTV on
the energy consumption of residential buildings leading to a reduction in building heat load was also
established in the study.
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