Phasor-Based Control for Scalable Integration of Variable Energy Resources

We propose an innovative framework termed phasor-based control (PBC) to facilitate the integration of heterogeneous and intermittent distributed energy resources (DER) on the electric grid. PBC presents a unified approach that is agnostic to optimization criteria and to the particular characteristics of participating resources. It is enabled by synchronized, high-precision voltage phasor measurements that allow stating control objectives in grid-specific, rather than resource-specific, terms. We present qualitative justification and examine the general feasibility of this control approach, including the behavior of candidate control algorithms in simulation. Initial results suggest that PBC has significant potential to support stable and resilient grid operations in the presence of arbitrarily high penetrations of DER.

[1]  Warren B. Powell,et al.  Co-Optimizing Battery Storage for the Frequency Regulation and Energy Arbitrage Using Multi-Scale Dynamic Programming , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[2]  Duncan S. Callaway,et al.  Real-Time Charging Strategies for an Electric Vehicle Aggregator to Provide Ancillary Services , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[3]  Elizabeth L. Ratnam.  Balancing distributor and customer benefits of battery storage co-located with solar PV , 2016 .

[4]  Mohini Bariya,et al.  Real Time Effective Impedance Estimation for Power System State Estimation , 2020, 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT).

[5]  M. McElroy,et al.  Impacts of fleet types and charging modes for electric vehicles on emissions under different penetrations of wind power , 2018 .

[6]  Federico Milano,et al.  Frequency Control of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks , 2018 .

[7]  Qiuwei Wu,et al.  Distribution Locational Marginal Pricing for Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Management , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  Sara Eftekharnejad,et al.  Impact of increased penetration of photovoltaic generation on power systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[9]  Alexandra von Meier,et al.  Model-Free Optimal Voltage Phasor Regulation in Unbalanced Distribution Systems , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[10]  Alexandra von Meier,et al.  Local Phasor-Based Control of DER Inverters for Voltage Regulation on Distribution Feeders , 2020, 2020 IEEE Green Technologies Conference(GreenTech).

[11]  Jochen Markard,et al.  The next phase of the energy transition and its implications for research and policy , 2018, Nature Energy.

[12]  Aparna S. Telang,et al.  P-V, Q-V Curve – A Novel Approach for Voltage Stability Analysis , 2013 .

[13]  Peter Lund,et al.  Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity , 2015 .

[14]  A. Nourai,et al.  Changing the electricity game , 2009, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[15]  Felix F. Wu,et al.  Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Systems for Loss Reduction and Load Balancing , 1989, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[16]  Duncan S. Callaway,et al.  A Linearized Power Flow Model for Optimization in Unbalanced Distribution Systems , 2016, 1606.04492.

[17]  Ying Shirley Meng,et al.  Combined economic and technological evaluation of battery energy storage for grid applications , 2018, Nature Energy.

[18]  Christian Breyer,et al.  Radical transformation pathway towards sustainable electricity via evolutionary steps , 2019, Nature Communications.

[19]  Jiming Chen,et al.  Distributed Real-Time Demand Response in Multiseller–Multibuyer Smart Distribution Grid , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[20]  Marta C. González,et al.  Planning for electric vehicle needs by coupling charging profiles with urban mobility , 2018 .

[21]  Michael P. Andersen,et al.  Precision Micro-Synchrophasors for Distribution Systems: A Summary of Applications , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[22]  Luis F. Ochoa,et al.  Angle constraint active management of distribution networks with wind power , 2010, 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe).

[23]  M. Webber,et al.  The impacts of storing solar energy in the home to reduce reliance on the utility , 2017, Nature Energy.

[24]  Brian Seal,et al.  Smart inverter volt/var control functions for high penetration of PV on distribution systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[25]  Claire J. Tomlin,et al.  Real-Time Distribution Grid State Estimation with Limited Sensors and Load Forecasting , 2016, 2016 ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS).

[26]  David E. Culler,et al.  Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems , 2014, ISGT 2014.

[27]  Brian B. Johnson,et al.  Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy , 2017, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[28]  Daniel M. Kammen,et al.  Energy storage deployment and innovation for the clean energy transition , 2017, Nature Energy.

[29]  Dennis S. Bernstein,et al.  Phasor-Based Adaptive Control of a Test-Feeder Distribution Network: Application of Retrospective Cost Adaptive Control to the IEEE 13-Node Test Feeder , 2019, IEEE Control Systems.