Analysis technique for chloride penetration in cracked concrete using equivalent diffusion and permeation

Abstract Chloride-induced corrosion in reinforcing steel is one of the major durability problems in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Fick’s 2nd law can be simply applied to submerged RC structures however it has a very limited application to partially saturated condition. Furthermore, if RC structures have cracks on their surface in partially saturated condition, additional diffusion and permeation due to crack width should be considered for the quantitative evaluation of chloride penetration. In this paper, an analytical model is proposed for an evaluation of chloride behavior in cracked concrete. Both chloride diffusion and water permeation in a Representative Element Volume (REV) with crack are considered, which assume averaged transport of ion mass. Through rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) for specimens with different crack width, crack effect on diffusion is analyzed considering crack width (0.1–0.4 mm). Utilizing the crack effect on diffusion and permeation, an analysis technique for chloride behavior in cracked concrete is proposed based on the framework considering thermodynamic coupling of hydration, moisture transport, and micro-structure formation. The proposed technique shows a possibility of evaluation for chloride penetration in partially saturated-cracked concrete through the comparison with the results from salt spraying test (SST), which are in good agreement.

[1]  Z. Bažant,et al.  Modeling Chloride Penetration in Saturated Concrete , 1999 .

[2]  Seung-Jun Kwon,et al.  Modeling of water permeability in early aged concrete with cracks based on micro pore structure , 2012 .

[3]  Keun-Joo Byun,et al.  Predicting carbonation in early-aged cracked concrete , 2006 .

[4]  Bishwajit Bhattacharjee,et al.  MODELING OF CHLORIDE DIFFUSION IN CONCRETE AND DETERMINATION OF DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS , 1998 .

[5]  Stéphanie Bonnet,et al.  Influence of traversing crack on chloride diffusion into concrete , 2008 .

[6]  Seung-Jun Kwon,et al.  Permeability Characteristics of Carbonated Concrete Considering Capillary Pore Structure , 2007 .

[7]  T. Luping,et al.  On the mathematics of time-dependent apparent chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete , 2007 .

[8]  Stefan Jacobsen,et al.  Effect of cracking and healing on chloride transport in OPC concrete , 1996 .

[9]  V. Sirivivatnanon,et al.  Chloride diffusivity of concrete cracked in flexure , 2000 .

[10]  K. Maekawa,et al.  Multi-scale Modeling of Concrete Performance , 2003 .

[11]  S. Chatterji.  Transportation of ions through cement based materials. Part 1 fundamental equations and basic measurement techniques , 1994 .

[12]  Koichi Maekawa,et al.  MODELING OF PORE WATER CONTENT IN CONCRETE UNDER GENERIC DRYING WETTING CONDITIONS , 1997 .

[13]  R. Vitaliani,et al.  Analysis of Chloride Diffusion into Partially Saturated Concrete , 1993 .

[14]  E. Samson,et al.  Prediction of diffusion coefficients in cement-based materials on the basis of migration experiments , 1996 .

[15]  Masoud Ghandehari,et al.  Estimation of Water Flow through Cracked Concrete under Load , 2000 .

[17]  Shigeyoshi Nagataki,et al.  Evaluation of AgNO 3 Solution Spray Method for Measurement of Chloride Penetration into Hardened Cementitious Matrix Materials , 1992 .

[18]  Ung Jin Na,et al.  Service life prediction of concrete wharves with early-aged crack: Probabilistic approach for chloride diffusion , 2009 .

[19]  Tetsuya Ishida,et al.  Modeling of durability performance of cementitious materials and structures based on thermo-hygro physics , 2003 .

[20]  Koichi Maekawa,et al.  Early-age cracking resistance evaluation of concrete structures , 2001 .

[21]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  Effect of Cracking on Water and Chloride Permeability of Concrete , 1999 .

[22]  J. Broomfield.  Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Understanding, investigation and repair , 1996 .

[23]  Lars-Olof Nilsson,et al.  Chloride binding capacity and binding isotherms of OPC pastes and mortars , 1993 .

[24]  Nick R. Buenfeld,et al.  The participation of bound chloride in passive film breakdown on steel in concrete , 2000 .

[25]  S. Chatterji.  Transportation of ions through cement based materials. Part 2. Adaptation of the fundamental equations and relevant comments , 1994 .

[26]  Raoul François,et al.  Effect of crack opening on the local diffusion of chloride in cracked mortar samples , 2008 .

[27]  Jianjun Zheng,et al.  Prediction of the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete , 2007 .

[28]  Zdenek P. Bazant,et al.  EFFECT OF CRACKING ON DRYING PERMEABILITY AND DIFFUSIVITY OF CONCRETE. , 1987 .

[29]  Luping Tang,et al.  ELECTRICALLY ACCELERATED METHODS FOR DETERMINING CHLORIDE DIFFUSIVITY IN CONCRETE - CURRENT DEVELOPMENT , 1996 .

[30]  Carmen Andrade,et al.  Calculation of chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete from ionic migration measurements , 1993 .

[31]  D. Breysse,et al.  Modelling of permeability in cement-based materials: Part 1-uncracked medium , 1997 .

[32]  B. Gérard,et al.  Influence of cracking on the diffusion properties of cement-based materials : Part I : Influence of continuous cracks on the steady-state regime , 2000 .