On Minimizing Distortion in Secure Data-Hiding for Binary Images

Numerous digital binary images are widely used today. Because modifying or forging digital images is not difficult, it is important to develop data-hiding methods to insert authentication data. In order to minimize distortion in secure data-hiding, there is an approach to reduce the number of flipped bits in the embedded image. The most recent method (Tseng-Chen-Pan’s scheme) that appeared on IEEE Trans. on Comm. 2002, flips only 2 bits for hiding n bits in the embedded image of size 2n bits. In this paper, we show that the problem of finding the lower bound on the minimum number of flipped bits in the 2n bits embedded image to hide n bits data is closely related with finding the minimum dominating sets of the binary hypercube of dimension n. To the best of our knowledge, our work is a first approach to convert the data-hiding problem to the relatively well-known graph problem.

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