Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics - a review.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces undistorted three-dimensional information of the maxillofacial skeleton, including the teeth and their surrounding tissues with a lower effective radiation dose than computed tomography. The aim of this paper is to: (i) review the current literature on the applications and limitations of CBCT; (ii) make recommendations for the use of CBCT in Endodontics; (iii) highlight areas of further research of CBCT in Endodontics.

[1]  Karl Dula,et al.  Comparison of periapical radiography and limited cone-beam tomography in posterior maxillary teeth referred for apical surgery. , 2008, Journal of endodontics.

[2]  J. Kulild,et al.  Incidence and configuration of canal systems in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars. , 1990, Journal of endodontics.

[3]  K. Kamburoğlu,et al.  A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT images of different voxel resolutions used to detect simulated small internal resorption cavities. , 2010, International endodontic journal.

[4]  A. Consolaro,et al.  Cone-beam computerized tomographic, radiographic, and histologic evaluation of periapical repair in dogs' post-endodontic treatment. , 2009, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[5]  A Tamse,et al.  An evaluation of endodontically treated vertically fractured teeth. , 1999, Journal of endodontics.

[6]  H. Bosmans,et al.  Effective dose range for dental cone beam computed tomography scanners. , 2012, European journal of radiology.

[7]  L. Kullman,et al.  Guidelines for dental radiography immediately after a dento-alveolar trauma, a systematic literature review. , 2012, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[8]  R. Vetter ICRP Publication 103, The Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection , 2008 .

[9]  K. Min,et al.  Endodontic management of supernumerary tooth fused with maxillary first molar by using cone-beam computed tomography. , 2010, Journal of endodontics.

[10]  G. Bayirli,et al.  Detection of jaw and root fractures using cone beam computed tomography: a case report. , 2009, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[11]  M. G. Cavalcanti,et al.  Use of large-volume cone-beam computed tomography in identification and localization of horizontal root fracture in the presence and absence of intracanal metallic post. , 2012, Journal of endodontics.

[12]  M. Bornstein,et al.  Comparison of periapical radiography and limited cone-beam computed tomography in mandibular molars for analysis of anatomical landmarks before apical surgery. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[13]  K. Horner,et al.  The detection and management of root resorption lesions using intraoral radiography and cone beam computed tomography - an in vivo investigation. , 2009, International endodontic journal.

[14]  W. Bowles,et al.  Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of maxillary sinusitis. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[15]  J. Andreasen,et al.  Survival of 534 incisors after intra-alveolar root fracture in patients aged 7-17 years. , 2008, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[16]  A. Farman,et al.  A comparison of 18 different x-ray detectors currently used in dentistry. , 2005, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[17]  M. Tu,et al.  Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars among Taiwanese individuals. , 2007, Journal of endodontics.

[18]  K Yamamoto,et al.  Development of dento-maxillofacial cone beam X-ray computed tomography system. , 2003, Orthodontics & craniofacial research.

[19]  E. Whaites,et al.  The potential applications of cone beam computed tomography in the management of endodontic problems. , 2007, International endodontic journal.

[20]  K. Horner,et al.  The use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. , 2009, International endodontic journal.

[21]  A. Wenzel,et al.  Periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography for assessment of the periapical bone defect 1 week and 12 months after root-end resection. , 2009, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[22]  P. Neelakantan,et al.  Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast medium-enhanced digital radiography in studying root canal morphology. , 2010, Journal of endodontics.

[23]  A. Farman,et al.  What is cone-beam CT and how does it work? , 2008, Dental clinics of North America.

[24]  Scott A Schwartz,et al.  Endodontic applications of cone-beam volumetric tomography. , 2007, Journal of endodontics.

[25]  R Wilson,et al.  Detection of periapical bone defects in human jaws using cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography. , 2009, International endodontic journal.

[26]  P. Wesselink,et al.  Accuracy of periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography scans in diagnosing apical periodontitis using histopathological findings as a gold standard. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[27]  A. Sigurdsson,et al.  International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. , 2012, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[28]  Christos Angelopoulos,et al.  Use of cone-beam computed tomography to identify root canal systems in vitro. , 2008, Journal of endodontics.

[29]  Ann Wenzel,et al.  Accuracy of cone beam dental CT, intraoral digital and conventional film radiography for the detection of periapical lesions. An ex vivo study in pig jaws , 2007, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[30]  L. Chapnick External root resorption: an experimental radiographic evaluation. , 1989, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[31]  A. Farman,et al.  Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice. , 2006, Journal.

[32]  A Workman,et al.  Physical performance measures of radiographic imaging systems. , 1997, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[33]  G. Cheung,et al.  Agreement between periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography for assessment of periapical status of root filled molar teeth. , 2013, International endodontic journal.

[34]  P. Wesselink,et al.  Endodontic outcome predictors identified with periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography scans. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[35]  F. Durán‐Sindreu,et al.  Evaluating the periapical status of teeth with irreversible pulpitis by using cone-beam computed tomography scanning and periapical radiographs. , 2012, Journal of endodontics.

[36]  R Wilson,et al.  The detection of periapical pathosis using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography - part 1: pre-operative status. , 2012, International endodontic journal.

[37]  R. A. Bernardes,et al.  Use of cone-beam volumetric tomography in the diagnosis of root fractures. , 2009, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[38]  M Kortesniemi,et al.  Dosimetry and image quality of four dental cone beam computed tomography scanners compared with multislice computed tomography scanners. , 2009, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[39]  S. Özer Detection of vertical root fractures by using cone beam computed tomography with variable voxel sizes in an in vitro model. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[40]  R. Jacobs,et al.  Diagnostic validity (or acuity) of 2D CCD versus 3D CBCT-images for assessing periodontal breakdown. , 2007, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[41]  M. Ivanovic,et al.  Comparative dosimetry of dental CBCT devices and 64-slice CT for oral and maxillofacial radiology. , 2008, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[42]  H. Gröndahl,et al.  Imaging of root canal fillings: a comparison of subjective image quality between limited cone-beam CT, storage phosphor and film radiography. , 2007, International endodontic journal.

[43]  P. Wesselink,et al.  Detection of vertical root fractures in vivo in endodontically treated teeth by cone-beam computed tomography scans. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[44]  S. Patel,et al.  New dimensions in endodontic imaging: Part 2. Cone beam computed tomography. , 2009, International endodontic journal.

[45]  S. Kapila,et al.  Quantification of external root resorption by low- vs high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography: A volumetric and linear analysis. , 2013, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[46]  S. Patel The use of cone beam computed tomography in the conservative management of dens invaginatus: a case report. , 2010, International endodontic journal.

[47]  Jack Valentin,et al.  The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103. , 2007, Annals of the ICRP.

[48]  F. Vertucci Root canal anatomy of the mandibular anterior teeth. , 1974, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[49]  Heng-Li Huang,et al.  Detection of permanent three-rooted mandibular first molars by cone-beam computed tomography imaging in Taiwanese individuals. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[50]  H. Gröndahl,et al.  Detectability of chemically induced periapical lesions by limited cone beam computed tomography, intra-oral digital and conventional film radiography. , 2009, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[51]  A 5 YR CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF SECOND MESIOBUCCAL CANALS IN ENDODONTICALLY TREATED AND RETREATED MAXILLARY MOLARS , 2002 .

[52]  I. Tsesis,et al.  Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth based on clinical and radiographic indices: a systematic review. , 2010, Journal of endodontics.

[53]  Leilei Zheng,et al.  Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption. , 2013, The Angle orthodontist.

[54]  Gabriela Salatino Liedke,et al.  Influence of voxel size in the diagnostic ability of cone beam tomography to evaluate simulated external root resorption. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[55]  O. Peters,et al.  Contemporary management of horizontal root fractures to the permanent dentition: diagnosis--radiologic assessment to include cone-beam computed tomography. , 2013, Journal of endodontics.

[56]  C. Lindh,et al.  Diagnostic yield of conventional radiographic and cone-beam computed tomographic images in patients with atypical odontalgia. , 2011, International endodontic journal.

[57]  J. Poorolajal,et al.  Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography with intraoral photostimulable phosphor imaging plate for diagnosis of endodontic complications: a simulation study. , 2012, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology.

[58]  D. Schulze,et al.  Basic training requirements for the use of dental CBCT by dentists: a position paper prepared by the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology. , 2014, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[59]  Q. Zheng,et al.  A cone-beam computed tomography study of maxillary first permanent molar root and canal morphology in a Chinese population. , 2010, Journal of endodontics.

[60]  R Jacobs,et al.  Comparison between effective radiation dose of CBCT and MSCT scanners for dentomaxillofacial applications. , 2009, European journal of radiology.

[61]  A. Sigurdsson,et al.  Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. I. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. , 2007, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[62]  M. Nair,et al.  Detection of vertical root fractures by using cone-beam computed tomography: a clinical study. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[63]  Ron F. Wilson,et al.  The detection of periapical pathosis using digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography - part 2: a 1-year post-treatment follow-up. , 2012, International endodontic journal.

[64]  S. Friedman,et al.  Prognosis of initial endodontic therapy , 2002 .

[65]  K. Kamburoğlu,et al.  Observer ability to detect ex vivo simulated internal or external cervical root resorption. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[66]  K Honda,et al.  A new cone beam computerized tomography system for use in endodontic surgery. , 2007, International endodontic journal.

[67]  F. Durán‐Sindreu,et al.  Mandibular first molars with disto-lingual roots: review and clinical management. , 2012, International endodontic journal.

[68]  M. Frydenberg,et al.  Variable-resolution cone-beam computerized tomography with enhancement filtration compared with intraoral photostimulable phosphor radiography in detection of transverse root fractures in an in vitro model. , 2009, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[69]  J. Davies,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of small volume cone beam computed tomography and intraoral periapical radiography for the detection of simulated external inflammatory root resorption. , 2011, International endodontic journal.

[70]  J. Andreasen,et al.  Root fractures: the influence of type of healing and location of fracture on tooth survival rates - an analysis of 492 cases. , 2012, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[71]  F. Montagner,et al.  CBCT for the assessment of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals in maxillary molar teeth: effect of voxel size and presence of root filling. , 2013, International endodontic journal.

[72]  I. Tsesis,et al.  Comparison of digital with conventional radiography in detection of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated maxillary premolars: an ex vivo study. , 2008, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[73]  C. Estrela,et al.  Method to evaluate inflammatory root resorption by using cone beam computed tomography. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[74]  E. Ariji,et al.  Evaluation of correspondence of dental Computed Tomography imaging to anatomic observation of external root resorption. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[75]  Kerstin Gröndahl,et al.  Limited cone-beam CT and intraoral radiography for the diagnosis of periapical pathology. , 2007, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[76]  M. Özcan,et al.  A comparative study between cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs in the diagnosis of simulated endodontic complications. , 2011, International endodontic journal.

[77]  M. Versluis,et al.  Radiographic healing after a root canal treatment performed in single-rooted teeth with and without ultrasonic activation of the irrigant: a randomized controlled trial. , 2013, Journal of endodontics.

[78]  S. Patel,et al.  A comparison of cone beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for the detection of vertical root fractures in nonendodontically treated teeth. , 2014, International endodontic journal.

[79]  L. G. Álvarez,et al.  Impact of three radiographic methods in the outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment: a five-year follow-up. , 2013, Journal of endodontics.

[80]  J. D. PÉcora,et al.  Method for determination of root curvature radius using cone-beam computed tomography images. , 2008, Brazilian dental journal.

[81]  S. Patel,et al.  The detection of vertical root fractures in root filled teeth with periapical radiographs and CBCT scans. , 2013, International endodontic journal.

[82]  G. Correr,et al.  Analysis of the internal anatomy of maxillary first molars by using different methods. , 2009, Journal of endodontics.

[83]  P. Lambrechts,et al.  Radiographs and CBCT--time for a reassessment? , 2011, International endodontic journal.

[84]  J. Andreasen,et al.  Radiographic assessment of simulated root resorption cavities. , 1987, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[85]  K. Kamburoğlu,et al.  Interpretation of chemically created periapical lesions using 2 different dental cone-beam computerized tomography units, an intraoral digital sensor, and conventional film. , 2009, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[86]  Nestor Cohenca,et al.  Clinical indications for digital imaging in dento-alveolar trauma. Part 1: traumatic injuries. , 2007, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[87]  S. Seltzer,et al.  Roentgenographic and direct observation of experimental lesions in bone: I. 1961. , 1961, Journal of endodontics.

[88]  Damiano Pasqualini,et al.  Vestibular surgical access to the palatine root of the superior first molar: "low-dose cone-beam" CT analysis of the pathway and its anatomic variations. , 2003, Journal of endodontics.

[89]  K Horner,et al.  Dental CBCT equipment and performance issues. , 2013, Radiation protection dosimetry.

[90]  Reinhilde Jacobs,et al.  Comparison of 6 cone-beam computed tomography systems for image quality and detection of simulated canine impaction-induced external root resorption in maxillary lateral incisors. , 2011, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[91]  K. Omnell,et al.  Root fractures due to corrosion. Diagnostic aspects. , 1970, Scandinavian journal of dental research.

[92]  M. Torabinejad,et al.  Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography in detecting small periapical lesions. , 2012, Journal of endodontics.

[93]  P. Wang,et al.  Detection of dental root fractures by using cone-beam computed tomography. , 2011, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[94]  Allan G Farman,et al.  ALARA still applies. , 2005, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[95]  R. A. Bernardes,et al.  Comparative study of cone beam computed tomography and intraoral periapical radiographs in diagnosis of lingual-simulated external root resorptions. , 2012, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[96]  Vandana Kumar,et al.  Efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography as a modality to accurately identify the presence of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first and second molars: a pilot study. , 2010, Journal of endodontics.

[97]  K Horner,et al.  Estimation of paediatric organ and effective doses from dental cone beam CT using anthropomorphic phantoms. , 2012, The British journal of radiology.

[98]  Carlos Estrela,et al.  Map-reading strategy to diagnose root perforations near metallic intracanal posts by using cone beam computed tomography. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.