Rational Design of ZnMn2O4 Quantum Dots in Carbon Framework for Durable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Manganese oxides are promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their high energy density and low cost. However, in their discharging processes, the Jahn-Teller effect and Mn 3+ disproportionation often lead to irreversible structural transformation and Mn 2+ dissolution, deteriorating the cycling stability of ZIBs. Herein, ZnMn 2 O 4 quantum dots (ZMO QDs) were introduced into porous carbon framework by in-situ electrochemically inducing Mn-MIL-100-derived Mn 3 O 4 quantum dots and carbon composite. In such ZMO QDs and carbon composite, the quantum dot structure endows ZnMn 2 O 4 with shorter ion diffusion route and more active sites for Zn 2+ . The highly conductive carbon framework is beneficial to the fast transport of electrons. Furthermore, at the interface between ZMO QDs and carbon matrix, the Mn-O-C bonds are formed. They can effectively suppress Jahn-Teller effect and manganese dissolution of discharge products. Therefore, Zn/ZMO QD@C batteries display remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance.