Biosorption characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus in removal of cadmium from an aqueous solution

Nineteen fungal species were isolated from soil contaminated with industrial wastes of which Aspergillus species were the most dominant. The growth of the isolates was notice by Cd concentration in growth medium, thus about 20% of the isolates can grow up to 50 mg Cd/100 ml medium and only Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum can grow at 100 mg Cd with growth decrease of 88.2 and 99.4%, respectively. The results revealed that the living biomass of the isolates were more efficient to biosorb Cd than their dried powdered biomass by 15 - 44%. The formulation of yeast peptone glucose (YPG) medium fortified the isolates by ingredients favored the best growth yields that have the highest Cd biosorption, compared to yeast malt extract (YM) and sabourad (Sb) media. The dried A. fumigatus biomass was the most efficient than other tested fungi. The influence of different treatments of dried A. fumigatus biomass on its Cd biosorption activity, indicated that 0.5 N NaOH and autoclaving was the most efficient treatment (3 fold increase as compared to untreated). The biosorption of Cd by treated A. fumigatus biomass was considerably influenced by the pH value of the biosorption medium, contact time, biomass levels and Cd concentration. Thus, 98% of Cd was absorbed in biosorption medium containing 10 mg Cd and 100 mg dried treated biomass/100ml bidistilled water at pH 5 after 90 min of contact, nitric acid (0.05 N) was the best Cd eluent (99.8%) as compared to the other eluents. The desorbed A. fumigatus biomass was successfully reused for 5 consecutive times for Cd biosorption with decrease reached to 28% at the 5th reuse.

[1]  C. Rey-Castro,et al.  Removal of inorganic mercury from aqueous solutions by biomass of the marine macroalga Cystoseira baccata. , 2005, Water research.

[2]  Z. Sadowski.  Effect of biosorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) on the zeta potential and flocculation of Nocardia sp. , 2001 .

[3]  L. Macaskie,et al.  Cadmium accumulation by immobilized cells of a Citrobacter sp. using various phosphate donors , 1986, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[4]  G. Lanza,et al.  Cadmium biosorption by cells of Spirulina platensis TISTR 8217 immobilized in alginate and silica gel. , 2004, Environment international.

[5]  Susan Budavari,et al.  The merck index an encyclopedia of chemical, drugs, and biologicals , 1989 .

[6]  M. Abu-shady,et al.  Uranium uptake by some locally isolated and some reference bacterial species. , 2005, Acta pharmaceutica.

[7]  K. Paknikar,et al.  Biosorption of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc by Citrobacter Strain MCM B‐181: Characterization Studies , 1999, Biotechnology progress.

[8]  J. Roux,et al.  Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelial by-products: mechanisms and influence of pH , 1992, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[9]  S. Babel,et al.  Removal of heavy metals from contaminated sewage sludge using Aspergillus niger fermented raw liquid from pineapple wastes. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[10]  A. Lakshmanan,et al.  Biosorption of chromium (VI) and nickel (II) by bacterial isolates from an aqueous solution. , 2009 .

[11]  B. Volesky.  Advances in biosorption of metals: selection of biomass types. , 1994, FEMS microbiology reviews.

[12]  T. Viraraghavan,et al.  Heavy metal removal in a biosorption column by immobilized M. rouxii biomass. , 2001, Bioresource technology.

[13]  E. M. El-Morsy.  Cunninghamella echinulata a new biosorbent of metal ions from polluted water in Egypt , 2004, Mycologia.

[14]  B. Volesky,et al.  Biosorbents for recovery of metals from industrial solutions , 1988, Biotechnology Letters.

[15]  R. Leyva-Ramos,et al.  Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon , 1997 .

[16]  A. Mahvi,et al.  Study of cadmium removal from environmental water by biofilm covered granular activated carbon. , 2004 .

[17]  Jun Zhou,et al.  The Uptake of Copper from Aqueous Solution by Immobilized Fungal Biomass , 2007 .

[18]  T. Akar,et al.  Biosorption characteristics of Aspergillus flavus biomass for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[19]  I. Ashour,et al.  Biosorption of nickel on blank alginate beads, free and immobilized algal cells , 2004 .

[20]  Susan Budavari,et al.  The Merck index : an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals , 1983 .

[21]  A. Moubasher.  Soil fungi in Qatar and other Arab countries. , 1993 .

[22]  R. Ali.  STUDY ON REMOVAL OF CADMIUM FROM WATER ENVIRONMENT BY ADSORPTION ON GAC , BAC AND BIOFILTER , 2003 .

[23]  Y. Clayton.  A Colour Atlas of Pathogenic Fungi , 1980 .

[24]  M. Hashim,et al.  Immobilized marine algal biomass for multiple cycles of copper adsorption and desorption , 2000 .

[25]  C. Vázquez,et al.  Tolerance and uptake of heavy metals by Trichoderma atroviride isolated from sludge. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[26]  M. Y. Arica,et al.  Biosorption of inorganic mercury and alkylmercury species on to Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelium , 1999 .

[27]  A. Denizli,et al.  Biosorption of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic Ions by the Fungus Penicillium purpurogenum , 2003 .

[28]  Y. Yalçınkaya.  Cadmium and Mercury Uptake by Immobilized Pleurotus sapidus , 2002 .

[29]  T. Viraraghavan,et al.  Biosorption of heavy metals on Aspergillus niger: Effect of pretreatment , 1998 .

[30]  S. M. Al-Garni,et al.  Biosorption of lead by Gram-ve capsulated and non-capsulated bacteria , 2007 .

[31]  S. C. Yoon,et al.  Correlating metal ionic characteristics with biosorption capacity of Staphylococcus saprophyticus BMSZ711 using QICAR model. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[32]  J. Serra,et al.  Sorption of heavy metals to Phormidium laminosum biomass , 1995 .

[33]  M. Soylak,et al.  Biosorption of heavy metals on Aspergillus fumigatus immobilized Diaion HP-2MG resin for their atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. , 2006, Talanta.

[34]  B. Volesky,et al.  Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 2004, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[35]  R. Oldfield,et al.  A Colour Atlas of Pathogenic Fungi , 1979 .

[36]  Bo Jin,et al.  Biosorption removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by using pretreated fungal biomass cultured from starch wastewater , 1999 .

[37]  M. D. Mashitah,et al.  Biosorption of cadmium (II) ions by immobilized cells of Pycnoporus sanguineus from aqueous solution. , 2008, Bioresource Technology.

[38]  A. Lobato,et al.  Biosorption of cadmium using the fungus Aspergillus niger , 2003 .

[39]  L. Svecova,et al.  Cadmium, lead and mercury biosorption on waste fungal biomass issued from fermentation industry. I. Equilibrium studies , 2006 .

[40]  G. Bayramoglu,et al.  Biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. , 2003, Journal of hazardous materials.

[41]  S. Čerňanský,et al.  Biosorption of arsenic and cadmium from aqueous solutions , 2007 .

[42]  G. Bayramoglu,et al.  Biosorption of mercury(II), cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous system by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii immobilized in alginate beads , 2006 .

[43]  T. Kutsal,et al.  Biosorption of heavy metals by Zoogloea ramigera: use of adsorption isotherms and a comparison of biosorption characteristics , 1995 .

[44]  Tsuneo Watanabe.  Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi: morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. , 1994 .

[45]  R. K. Saxena,et al.  Microbial biosorbents : Meeting challenges of heavy metal pollution in aqueous solutions , 2000 .

[46]  T. Viraraghavan,et al.  Heavy-metal removal from aqueous solution by fungus Mucor rouxii. , 2003, Water research.

[47]  T. Ramachandra,et al.  BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS , 2003 .

[48]  R. Leyva-Ramos,et al.  Adsorption of Cadmium(II) from an Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbon Cloth , 2005 .

[49]  I. El-Sherif,et al.  Biosorption of Cadmium and Nickel by Nile Water Algae , 2008 .

[50]  T. Viraraghavan,et al.  Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillus niger , 1999 .

[51]  P. Pokethitiyook,et al.  Cadmium biosorption by Sphingomonas paucimobilis biomass. , 2002, Bioresource technology.

[52]  B. Volesky,et al.  Contribution of Sulfonate Groups and Alginate to Heavy Metal Biosorption by the Dry Biomass of Sargassum fluitans , 1996 .

[53]  M. Y. Arica,et al.  Biosorption of Hg(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions: comparison of biosorptive capacity of alginate and immobilized live and heat inactivated Phanerochaete chrysosporium , 2002 .

[54]  T. Kutsal,et al.  Copper(II) and nickel(II) adsorption by Rhizopus arrhizus in batch stirred reactors in series , 1995 .

[55]  J. Benemann,et al.  Bioremoval of heavy metals by the use of microalgae. , 1993, Biotechnology advances.

[56]  G. Gadd,et al.  Microbial control of heavy metal pollution. , 1992 .

[57]  I. Ahmad,et al.  Metal tolerance and biosorption potential of filamentous fungi isolated from metal contaminated agricultural soil. , 2007, Bioresource technology.