Technological aspects of WBANs for health monitoring: a comprehensive review

According to the World Health Organization, most of the world population is affected by chronic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes while another dominant problem is of aging population. Thus, it is desirable to have cost effective solutions for health monitoring, especially for countries that have minimum conventionally trained healthcare staff and infrastructure. Healthcare has shifted from hospital dominant services to patient dominant services which has thrived WBANs to provide ubiquitous health monitoring by virtue of wearable or implantable sensor nodes that commonly monitor biological signals. As the society becomes more health conscious, WBANs have the potential to revolutionize the way people integrate their health and information technology. Hence, WBANs are desired to strengthen conventional healthcare systems. Notwithstanding the current achievements, technological advances, proposed solutions and commercialized products; WBANs still experience many obstacles in their foolproof adoption. This paper surveys the plethora of WBAN applications and network architecture in detail used for data collection, data transmission and data analysis that form sensor analyst system in the realm of Internet of Things. Wireless communicational technologies are also discussed in this paper. Also, we have categorized the routing protocols and have provided with their critical qualitative analysis. Towards the end we discuss several projects in the field of WBANs and some open research areas. These findings on how the sensor nodes, newest routing protocols and data analysis techniques influence ubiquitous health monitoring sets this survey apart from the already existing surveys on WBANs.

[1]  Tsang-Ling Sheu,et al.  A reversed-routing tree with self-reconfiguration for body sensor networks , 2014, 2014 International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC).

[2]  Debbie Kedar,et al.  A comparative study of wireless communication network configurations for medical applications , 2003, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[3]  Mehran Jahed,et al.  A Thermal-aware Shortest Hop Routing Algorithm for in vivo Biomedical Sensor Networks , 2009, 2009 Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations.

[4]  Abbas Jamalipour,et al.  Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[5]  Zahoor Ali Khan,et al.  QPRR: QoS-Aware Peering Routing Protocol for Reliability Sensitive Data in Body Area Network Communication , 2015, Comput. J..

[6]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[7]  Xue Zhang,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[8]  Ning Ye,et al.  Private and Secured Medical Data Transmission and Analysis for Wireless Sensing Healthcare System , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[9]  Janaina Mourão Miranda,et al.  Patient classification as an outlier detection problem: An application of the One-Class Support Vector Machine , 2011, NeuroImage.

[10]  Sandeep K. S. Gupta,et al.  TARA: Thermal-Aware Routing Algorithm for Implanted Sensor Networks , 2005, DCOSS.

[11]  Majid Sarrafzadeh,et al.  The Advanced Health and Disaster Aid Network: A Light-Weight Wireless Medical System for Triage , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[12]  Kyung-Sup Kwak,et al.  The Internet of Things for Health Care: A Comprehensive Survey , 2015, IEEE Access.

[13]  Jemal H. Abawajy,et al.  An alternative sensor Cloud architecture for vital signs monitoring , 2016, 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).

[14]  Abdul Hanan Abdullah,et al.  Traffic Priority-Aware Adaptive Slot Allocation for Medium Access Control Protocol in Wireless Body Area Network , 2017, Comput..

[15]  Dominique Barthel,et al.  AnyBody: a self-organization protocol for body area networks , 2007, BODYNETS.

[16]  Benton H. Calhoun,et al.  Body Area Sensor Networks: Challenges and Opportunities , 2009, Computer.

[17]  Philip S. Yu,et al.  Nonoccurring Behavior Analytics: A New Area , 2015, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[18]  Dirk Trossen,et al.  Smart sensor architecture for mobile-terminal-centric ambient intelligence , 2008 .

[19]  S. J. Redmond,et al.  Sensors-Based Wearable Systems for Monitoring of Human Movement and Falls , 2012, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[20]  Z. Abbas,et al.  M-ATTEMPT: A New Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks , 2012, ANT/SEIT.

[21]  Saeid Nahavandi,et al.  Classification of healthcare data using genetic fuzzy logic system and wavelets , 2015, Expert Syst. Appl..

[22]  Mubashir Husain Rehmani,et al.  Applications of wireless sensor networks for urban areas: A survey , 2016, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[23]  Michael F Dulin,et al.  Comparing traditional and participatory dissemination of a shared decision making intervention (ADAPT-NC): a cluster randomized trial , 2014, Implementation Science.

[24]  Pedro Castillejo,et al.  Integration of wearable devices in a wireless sensor network for an E-health application , 2013, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[25]  Wenjia Li,et al.  ART: An Attack-Resistant Trust Management Scheme for Securing Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[26]  Thomas Falck,et al.  BASUMA - the sixth sense for chronically ill patients , 2006, International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN'06).

[27]  Djamel Djenouri,et al.  New QoS and geographical routing in wireless biomedical sensor networks , 2009, 2009 Sixth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems.

[28]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  The Wireless Autonomous Spanning tree Protocol for Multihop Wireless Body Area Networks , 2006, 2006 Third Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking & Services.

[29]  Dmitri Botvich,et al.  Cooperative wireless sensor environments supporting body area networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[30]  P. Demeester,et al.  Improving Reliability in Multi-hop Body Sensor Networks , 2008, 2008 Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (sensorcomm 2008).

[31]  Weihua Zhuang,et al.  Exploiting prediction to enable Secure and Reliable routing in Wireless Body Area Networks , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[32]  Martin Jacobsson,et al.  Packet Forwarding with Minimum Energy Consumption in Body Area Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference.

[33]  Subir Biswas,et al.  Probabilistic routing in on-body sensor networks with postural disconnections , 2009, MobiWAC '09.

[34]  A. Pravin Renold,et al.  Routing protocol for low power lossy networks , 2014 .

[35]  Stephen B. Wicker,et al.  CareNet: an integrated wireless sensor networking environment for remote healthcare , 2008, BODYNETS.

[36]  Jiafu Wan,et al.  A multimedia healthcare data sharing approach through cloud-based body area network , 2017, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[37]  Fei Wang,et al.  PhenoTree: Interactive Visual Analytics for Hierarchical Phenotyping From Large-Scale Electronic Health Records , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[38]  Susmita Das,et al.  Reliable communication in UWB body area networks using multiple hybrid relays , 2017, Wirel. Networks.

[39]  Suresh Sankaranarayanan.  Intelligent agent based information routing in wireless body sensor Mesh Networks , 2009, 2009 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks.

[40]  Mehdi Dehghan,et al.  A comprehensive survey of energy-aware routing protocols in wireless body area sensor networks , 2016, Journal of Medical Systems.

[41]  Hassan Ghasemzadeh,et al.  Multi-sensor fusion in body sensor networks: State-of-the-art and research challenges , 2017, Inf. Fusion.

[42]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  A survey on wireless body area networks , 2011, Wirel. Networks.

[43]  Reza Lotfi,et al.  A Level-Crossing Based QRS-Detection Algorithm for Wearable ECG Sensors , 2014, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

[44]  Jun Hu,et al.  Activity recognition based on inertial sensors for Ambient Assisted Living , 2016, 2016 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION).

[45]  Vladimir Leonov,et al.  Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting of Human Body Heat for Wearable Sensors , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[46]  Ming Li,et al.  Data security and privacy in wireless body area networks , 2010, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[47]  Shah Jahan Miah,et al.  On-Cloud Healthcare Clinic: An e-health consultancy approach for remote communities in a developing country , 2017, Telematics Informatics.

[48]  Mostafa A. Bassiouni,et al.  Biocomm – a cross-layer medium access control (MAC) and routing protocol co-design for biomedical sensor networks , 2009, Int. J. Parallel Emergent Distributed Syst..

[49]  JeongGil Ko,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[50]  Johannes Peltola,et al.  Activity classification using realistic data from wearable sensors , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[51]  Tim C. Lueth,et al.  SIMPLE-Use—Sensor Set for Wearable Movement and Interaction Research , 2014, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[52]  Chao Li,et al.  An Efficient and Stable Route Protocol in Wearable Body Networks , 2015, 2015 First International Conference on Computational Intelligence Theory, Systems and Applications (CCITSA).

[53]  Lotfi Kamoun,et al.  A Priority based Cross Layer Routing Protocol for healthcare applications , 2016, Ad Hoc Networks.

[54]  Rajat Kumar Singh,et al.  An energy efficient fuzzy based adaptive routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Network , 2015, 2015 IEEE UP Section Conference on Electrical Computer and Electronics (UPCON).

[55]  Samaneh Movassaghi,et al.  A Review of Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks , 2013, J. Networks.

[56]  Bernard Cousin,et al.  ESR: Energy aware and stable routing protocol for WBAN networks , 2016, 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC).

[57]  Dario Pompili,et al.  The State of the Art in Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005, EuroNGI Workshop.

[58]  Navneet Kaur,et al.  Optimized cost effective and energy efficient routing protocol for wireless body area networks , 2017, Ad Hoc Networks.

[59]  Wei Ni,et al.  A low overhead tree-based energy-efficient routing scheme for multi-hop wireless body area networks , 2014, Comput. Networks.

[60]  Nor Hisham Hamid,et al.  A Cross-Layer Opportunistic MAC/Routing protocol to improve reliability in WBAN , 2014, The 20th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communication (APCC2014).

[61]  Kamran Ahsan,et al.  Application specific study, analysis and classification of body area wireless sensor network applications , 2015, Comput. Networks.

[62]  Antonio Manuel Ortiz,et al.  Adaptive routing for multihop IEEE 802.15.6 Wireless Body Area Networks , 2012, SoftCOM 2012, 20th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks.

[63]  Sushma Jain,et al.  Tree based energy efficient routing scheme for body area network , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications.

[64]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Wireless powered communication: opportunities and challenges , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[65]  Seulki Lee,et al.  A 3.9 mW 25-Electrode Reconfigured Sensor for Wearable Cardiac Monitoring System , 2011, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[66]  Sandeep K. S. Gupta,et al.  Communication scheduling to minimize thermal effects of implanted biosensor networks in homogeneous tissue , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[67]  Sungrae Cho,et al.  CoR-MAC: Contention over Reservation MAC Protocol for Time-Critical Services in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks , 2016, Sensors.

[68]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks , 2005, Ad Hoc Networks.

[69]  Matthew D. Higgins,et al.  An incremental relay based cooperative routing protocol for wireless in-body sensor networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob).

[70]  Choong Seon Hong,et al.  A lightweight temperature scheduling routing algorithm for an implanted sensor network , 2011, ICTC 2011.

[71]  Mihaela van der Schaar,et al.  ConfidentCare: A Clinical Decision Support System for Personalized Breast Cancer Screening , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[72]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Enabling technologies for wireless body area networks: A survey and outlook , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[73]  Yuguang Fang,et al.  Private Data Analytics on Biomedical Sensing Data via Distributed Computation , 2016, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics.

[74]  Subir Biswas,et al.  On-body Packet Routing Algorithms for Body Sensor Networks , 2009, 2009 First International Conference on Networks & Communications.

[75]  Fan Yang,et al.  Behavior-aware probabilistic routing for wireless body area sensor networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[76]  Jocelyne Elias,et al.  Optimal design of energy-efficient and cost-effective wireless body area networks , 2014, Ad Hoc Networks.

[77]  Yao-Chiang Kan,et al.  A Wearable Inertial Sensor Node for Body Motion Analysis , 2012, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[78]  Wipawee Usaha,et al.  RL-based routing in biomedical mobile wireless sensor networks using trust and reputation , 2012, 2012 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS).

[79]  Bernadette Dorizzi,et al.  Human activities of daily living recognition using fuzzy logic for elderly home monitoring , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems.

[80]  Fariha Afsana,et al.  An energy efficient cluster based forwarding scheme for body area network using nano-scale electromagnetic communication , 2015, 2015 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE).

[81]  Chiara Buratti,et al.  A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks: Technologies and Design Challenges , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[82]  Dinesh K. Bhatia,et al.  Automated Ingestion Detection for a Health Monitoring System , 2014, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

[83]  Ramesh Rajagopalan.  Energy efficient routing algorithm for patient monitoring in body sensor networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN).

[84]  Xuedong Liang,et al.  A reinforcement learning based routing protocol with QoS support for biomedical sensor networks , 2008, 2008 First International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies.

[85]  Martin Maier,et al.  Context awareness in WBANs: a survey on medical and non-medical applications , 2013, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[86]  Linghe Kong,et al.  Poster: behavior-aware probabilistic routing for wireless body area sensor networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS).

[87]  F. Shebli,et al.  Minimizing energy consumption within wireless sensors networks using optimal transmission range between nodes , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications.

[88]  Mostafa A. Bassiouni,et al.  Energy Efficient Thermal Aware Routing Algorithms for Embedded Biomedical Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[89]  Jinyan Li,et al.  Adaptive Swarm Balancing Algorithms for rare-event prediction in imbalanced healthcare data , 2017, PloS one.

[90]  Elie Rachkidi,et al.  Cooperative dynamic eHealth service placement in Mobile Cloud Computing , 2015, 2015 17th International Conference on E-health Networking, Application & Services (HealthCom).

[91]  Abdul Hanan Abdullah,et al.  TraPy-MAC: Traffic Priority Aware Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network , 2017, Journal of Medical Systems.

[92]  Xiaohui Liang,et al.  PHDA: A priority based health data aggregation with privacy preservation for cloud assisted WBANs , 2014, Inf. Sci..

[93]  Seung-Hun Park,et al.  Cloud computing aware Ubiquitous Health care system , 2011, 2011 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB).

[94]  I Korhonen,et al.  Acquisition of biomedical signals databases. , 2001, IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society.

[95]  Gregory M. P. O'Hare,et al.  Energy-efficient multi-hop medical sensor networking , 2007, HealthNet '07.

[96]  Shuguang Cui,et al.  Optimal Power Allocation for Outage Probability Minimization in Fading Channels with Energy Harvesting Constraints , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[97]  Stefano Tennina,et al.  A MAC protocol for reliable communication in low power body area networks , 2016, J. Syst. Archit..

[98]  Andreas Willig,et al.  Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005 .

[99]  Xiaolan Liu,et al.  Wireless Energy and Information Transfer in WBAN: An Overview , 2017, IEEE Network.

[100]  Qi Zhang,et al.  An LQI based dual-channel routing protocol for Wireless Body Area networks , 2015, 2015 International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC).

[101]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Body Area Networks , 2012, Journal of Medical Systems.

[102]  Sudip Misra,et al.  Social choice considerations in cloud-assisted WBAN architecture for post-disaster healthcare: Data aggregation and channelization , 2014, Inf. Sci..

[103]  Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues,et al.  Real-time query processing optimization for cloud-based wireless body area networks , 2014, Inf. Sci..

[104]  D. Sridharan,et al.  Priority based AODV routing protocol for critical data in Wireless Body Area Network , 2015, 2015 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication and Networking (ICSCN).

[105]  Jau-Yang Chang,et al.  An energy-saving routing architecture with a uniform clustering algorithm for wireless body sensor networks , 2014, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[106]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Topology design and cross-layer optimization for wireless body sensor networks , 2017, Ad Hoc Networks.

[107]  Xiaofei Wang,et al.  Cloud-enabled wireless body area networks for pervasive healthcare , 2013, IEEE Network.

[108]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Temperature Aware Probabilistic Sleep Cycle Management for Body Area Sensor Networks , 2014, 2014 IEEE 11th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[109]  Paolo Fiorini,et al.  Human++: Emerging Technology for Body Area Networks , 2006, VLSI-SoC.

[110]  Noel E. O'Connor,et al.  Automatic Activity Classification and Movement Assessment During a Sports Training Session Using Wearable Inertial Sensors , 2014, 2014 11th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks.

[111]  Illhoi Yoo,et al.  Data Mining in Healthcare and Biomedicine: A Survey of the Literature , 2012, Journal of Medical Systems.

[112]  Ki-Il Kim,et al.  A mobility-based temperature-aware routing protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN).

[113]  Yaser Jararweh,et al.  Smart community health awareness model , 2015, 2015 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS).

[114]  Zahoor Ali Khan,et al.  A QoS-aware Routing Protocol for Reliability Sensitive Data in Hospital Body Area Networks , 2013, ANT/SEIT.

[115]  Bahae Abidi,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks in Biomedical: Wireless Body Area Networks , 2017 .

[116]  Francis Minhthang Bui,et al.  Routing over multi-hop fading wireless body area networks with reliability considerations , 2016, 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

[117]  Aleksandar Milenkovic,et al.  Wireless sensor networks for personal health monitoring: Issues and an implementation , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[118]  Ping Jiang,et al.  Verity: an ambient assisted living platform , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[119]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  Body Area Networks: A Survey , 2010, Mob. Networks Appl..

[120]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  REEC: Reliable Energy Efficient Critical Data Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks , 2014, 2014 Ninth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications.

[121]  Nedal Ababneh,et al.  Cross-layer optimization protocol for guaranteed data streaming over Wireless Body Area Networks , 2012, 2012 8th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC).

[122]  Hailiang Liu,et al.  The human body characteristic parameters extraction and disease tendency prediction based on multi-sensing fusion algorithms , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER).

[123]  Soufiene Djahel,et al.  Toward energy-efficient and trustworthy eHealth monitoring system , 2015, China Communications.

[124]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  On energy efficiency of cooperative communications in wireless body area network , 2011, 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[125]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  SIMPLE: Stable Increased-Throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Networks , 2013, 2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications.

[126]  Subir Biswas,et al.  DTN routing in body sensor networks with dynamic postural partitioning , 2010, Ad Hoc Networks.

[127]  Miwako Doi,et al.  LifeMinder: a wearable healthcare support system using user's context , 2002, Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.

[128]  Zahoor Ali Khan,et al.  A new patient monitoring framework and Energy-aware Peering Routing Protocol (EPR) for Body Area Network communication , 2014, J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput..

[129]  Lavina R. Tolani,et al.  Wireless Body Area Network A Review , 2018 .

[130]  Eryk Dutkiewicz,et al.  A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks , 2004, Ad Hoc Networks.

[131]  Melody Moh,et al.  On data gathering protocols for in-body biomedical sensor networks , 2005, GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005..

[132]  Susmita Das,et al.  Hybrid relaying for sensor to external communication in multi relay body area networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES).

[133]  Tony R. Sahama,et al.  eHealth-as-a-Service (eHaaS): The industrialisation of health informatics, a practical approach , 2014, 2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom).

[134]  Azlan Awang,et al.  Performance evaluation of cross-layer opportunistic MAC/routing with node's mobility for wireless body area networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE 12th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC).

[135]  Matt Welsh,et al.  Sensor networks for medical care , 2005, SenSys '05.

[136]  Ung-Mo Kim,et al.  Remote Control Multi-Agent System for u-Healthcare Service , 2007, KES-AMSTA.

[137]  Zahir Tari,et al.  Secure Data Analytics for Cloud-Integrated Internet of Things Applications , 2016, IEEE Cloud Computing.

[138]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  QoS-Aware Health Monitoring System Using Cloud-Based WBANs , 2014, Journal of Medical Systems.

[139]  K. Wac,et al.  Mobile patient monitoring: The MobiHealth system , 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[140]  Abdul Hanan Abdullah,et al.  Data-Centric Routing for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Networks , 2015, Journal of Medical Systems.

[141]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  Wireless body area networks: Status and opportunities , 2014, 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS).

[142]  Rizwan Ahmad,et al.  Priority Based Energy Aware (PEA) Routing Protocol for WBANs , 2015, 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall).

[143]  Shaojie Tang,et al.  Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[144]  Nor Hisham Hamid,et al.  Performance investigation of using direct transmission and opportunistic routing in wireless body area networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI).

[145]  M.A. Bassiouni,et al.  Routing algorithm for network of homogeneous and id-less biomedical sensor nodes (RAIN) , 2008, 2008 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium.

[146]  Bernadette Dorizzi,et al.  A pervasive multi-sensor data fusion for smart home healthcare monitoring , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011).

[147]  Saadi Boudjit,et al.  A priority based cross layer data dissemination protocol for healthcare applications , 2015, 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[148]  Yong J. Yuan,et al.  Wearable Medical Monitoring Systems Based on Wireless Networks: A Review , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[149]  Robert A. Greenes,et al.  Physiological signal monitoring in the waiting areas of an emergency room , 2008, BODYNETS.

[150]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  HEAT: Horizontal Moveable Energy-efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks , 2014, 2014 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops.

[151]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks: Akyildiz/Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010 .

[152]  Andrea J. Goldsmith,et al.  Cross-Layer Design for Lifetime Maximization in Interference-Limited Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[153]  Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay,et al.  Wearable Sensors for Human Activity Monitoring: A Review , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[154]  Wee Ser,et al.  Sound Based Heart Rate Monitoring for Wearable Systems , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Body Sensor Networks.

[155]  Melody Moh,et al.  Design and analysis of Hybrid Indirect Transmissions (HIT) for data gathering in wireless micro sensor networks , 2004, MOCO.

[156]  Raj Kumari,et al.  An efficient data offloading to cloud mechanism for smart healthcare sensors , 2015, 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT).

[157]  M.A. Bassiouni,et al.  Hotspot Preventing Routing Algorithm for Delay-Sensitive Biomedical Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices.

[158]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  An autonomic cloud environment for hosting ECG data analysis services , 2012, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[159]  Jetendra Joshi,et al.  Health Monitoring Using Wearable Sensor and Cloud Computing , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Cybernetics, Robotics and Control (CRC).

[160]  Rosalind W. Picard,et al.  Motion-tolerant magnetic earring sensor and wireless earpiece for wearable photoplethysmography , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[161]  Samaneh Movassaghi,et al.  Energy efficient thermal and power aware (ETPA) routing in Body Area Networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC).

[162]  Xiaojun Cao,et al.  Ubiquitous WSN for Healthcare: Recent Advances and Future Prospects , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[163]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks , 2007 .

[164]  Cheong Boon Soh,et al.  Opportunistic routing for body area network , 2011, 2011 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[165]  Abbas Jamalipour,et al.  SEA-BAN: Semi-autonomous adaptive routing in wireless body area networks , 2013, 2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS).

[166]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Reactive Virtual Coordinate Routing protocol for Body Sensor Networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[167]  Jorge Werner,et al.  A Cloud Computing Solution for Patient's Data Collection in Health Care Institutions , 2010, 2010 Second International Conference on eHealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine.

[168]  Shashi Kant Verma,et al.  Modified new-attempt routing protocol for wireless body area network , 2016, 2016 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, & Automation (ICACCA) (Fall).

[169]  Laurence T. Yang,et al.  An Intelligent Information Forwarder for Healthcare Big Data Systems With Distributed Wearable Sensors , 2016, IEEE Systems Journal.

[170]  Michael Faulkner,et al.  A Survey on Intrabody Communications for Body Area Network Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[171]  M. Moh,et al.  Hybrid indirect transmissions (HIT) for data gathering in wireless micro sensor networks with biomedical applications , 2003, 2002 14th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.02EX505).

[172]  Elyes Ben Hamida,et al.  Short-term link quality estimation for Opportunistic and Mobility Aware Routing in wearable body sensors networks , 2014, 2014 IEEE 10th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob).

[173]  Xuedong Liang,et al.  A QoS-aware Routing Service Framework for Biomedical Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 4th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems.

[174]  Choong Seon Hong,et al.  Data-Centric Multiobjective QoS-Aware Routing Protocol for Body Sensor Networks , 2011, Sensors.

[175]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  A Survey on Energy Harvesting and Integrated Data Sharing in Wireless Body Area Networks , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[176]  Daniel Minoli,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications , 2007 .

[177]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  Cloud-assisted body area networks: state-of-the-art and future challenges , 2014, Wirel. Networks.

[178]  Shivananda R. Poojara,et al.  Cloud based Intelligent Healthcare Monitoring System , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT).

[179]  P. K. Anooj,et al.  Clinical decision support system: Risk level prediction of heart disease using weighted fuzzy rules , 2012, J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci..

[180]  N. Santhiyakumari,et al.  OFSR: An Optimized Fuzzy Based Swarm Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks , 2016, 2016 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN).

[181]  Jong-Tae Park,et al.  An energy-efficient configuration management for multi-hop wireless body area networks , 2010, 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Broadband Network and Multimedia Technology (IC-BNMT).

[182]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  A cloud-based interference-aware remote health monitoring system for non-hospitalized patients , 2014, 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference.

[183]  Elie Rachkidi,et al.  Towards Efficient Automatic Scaling and Adaptive Cost-Optimized eHealth Services in Cloud , 2014, 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[184]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  Co-LAEEBA: Cooperative link aware and energy efficient protocol for wireless body area networks , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[185]  Honggang Wang,et al.  Cluster-Based Epidemic Control through Smartphone-Based Body Area Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[186]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  A Low-delay Protocol for Multihop Wireless Body Area Networks , 2007, 2007 Fourth Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking & Services (MobiQuitous).

[187]  Jorge Luís Machado do Amaral,et al.  Machine learning algorithms and forced oscillation measurements applied to the automatic identification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 2012, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[188]  Farid Touati,et al.  U-Healthcare System: State-of-the-Art Review and Challenges , 2013, Journal of Medical Systems.

[189]  Nivedita Datta,et al.  Study and Design of Energy Efficient Block Cipher for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) , 2018 .

[190]  Luca Benini,et al.  Interfacing human and computer with wireless body area sensor networks: the WiMoCA solution , 2008, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[191]  Tzonelih Hwang,et al.  BSN-Care: A Secure IoT-Based Modern Healthcare System Using Body Sensor Network , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[192]  B. Asadi,et al.  Improving reliability of routing in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks using Genetic Algorithm , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering.

[193]  Cuneyt Bayilmis,et al.  Design and implementation of a new quality of service-aware cross-layer medium access protocol for wireless body area networks , 2016, Comput. Electr. Eng..