Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: in Vitro Validation of Left and Right Heart Cavity Volumes

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-Echo) is currently the imaging modality most frequently used in cardiology due to its simplicity, lack of ionizing radiation, and relative low cost. However, 2D-Echo allows the visualization of only tomographic planar sections of the heart; thus, to obtain a complete evaluation of the heart anatomy and function, the physician must reassemble mentally a three-dimensional (3D) model from multiple two-dimensional (2D) images. Moreover, 2D-Echo relies on geometrical assumptions for the determination of heart chamber volumes and thus presents considerable measurement error, especially for the right ventricular and atrial volume determination1.

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