On the Scalability of Graphic Symbol Recognition

This paper deals with a complex symbol recognition process considering a large number of classes and only one training image per class. Furthermore, the response times of recognition system should be short and the interpretation of results must be easy. In this particular case, both statistical and structural methods are not the most suitable. A new composite descriptor and a similarity measure are proposed. Experimental results show the proposed method outperforms two descriptors widely used in symbol recognition with industrial data.

[1]  Peter J. Rousseeuw,et al.  Robust Regression and Outlier Detection , 2005, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.

[2]  P. Rousseeuw,et al.  Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics , 2005 .

[3]  Gerhard Rigoll,et al.  Engineering Drawing Database Retrieval Using Statistical Pattern Spotting Techniques , 1999, GREC.

[4]  Alireza Khotanzad,et al.  Invariant Image Recognition by Zernike Moments , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[5]  Michael R. Lyu,et al.  Effective multiresolution arc segmentation: algorithms and performance evaluation , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[6]  Luigi P. Cordella,et al.  An O(N) algorithm for polygonal approximation , 1985, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[7]  Daniel P. Lopresti,et al.  Validation of Image Defect Models for Optical Character Recognition , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[8]  Gabriella Sanniti di Baja Well-Shaped, Stable, and Reversible Skeletons from the (3, 4)-Distance Transform , 1994, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[9]  Kun Zhang,et al.  Symbol Recognition with Kernel Density Matching , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[10]  Dov Dori,et al.  Incremental Arc Segmentation Algorithm and Its Evaluation , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[11]  Laurent Wendling,et al.  A new shape descriptor defined on the Radon transform , 2006, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[12]  Stella X. Yu,et al.  Linear Scale and Rotation Invariant Matching , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[13]  Ernest Valveny,et al.  Performance Characterization of Shape Descriptors for Symbol Representation , 2008, GREC.

[14]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  A Statistical, Nonparametric Methodology for Document Degradation Model Validation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[15]  Karl Tombre,et al.  Robust and accurate vectorization of line drawings , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[16]  A. Tomkins,et al.  Validation of document image defect models for optical character recognition , 1994 .

[17]  Jia-Guu Leu,et al.  Polygonal approximation of 2-D shapes through boundary merging , 1988, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[18]  Horst Bunke,et al.  Graph Edit Distance with Node Splitting and Merging, and Its Application to Diatom Idenfication , 2003, GbRPR.

[19]  Christopher G. Harris,et al.  A Combined Corner and Edge Detector , 1988, Alvey Vision Conference.

[20]  Tony P. Pridmore,et al.  Generation of synthetic documents for performance evaluation of symbol recognition & spotting systems , 2010, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR).

[21]  Robert C. Bolles,et al.  Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography , 1981, CACM.

[22]  Ying Liu,et al.  A survey of content-based image retrieval with high-level semantics , 2007, Pattern Recognit..

[23]  Hongping Cai,et al.  Learning Linear Discriminant Projections for Dimensionality Reduction of Image Descriptors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[24]  Umapada Pal,et al.  Near Convex Region Adjacency Graph and Approximate Neighborhood String Matching for Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents , 2013, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[25]  Guojun Lu,et al.  Generic Fourier descriptor for shape-based image retrieval , 2002, Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[26]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[27]  Bart Lamiroy,et al.  Robust Circle Detection , 2007 .