Influence of MWCNTs to Myocardial Contraction Rhythms on Differentiation of ES-D3 Cells in Three-dimensional Culture

27 Introduction Among biomaterials, nanomaterials require a special protocol to examine their biological safety. However, no satisfactory protocol has been established for safety evaluation. The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is already known as an in vitro developmental toxicity test method [1-3]. We have examined the developmental toxicities of various nanomaterials using this EST protocol [4-9]. We previously reported the application of the EST protocol to examine MWCNTs and SWCNTs in two-dimensional culture and MWCNTs in the three-dimensional culture of ES cells [4, 7, 8]. Influence of MWCNTs to Myocardial Contraction Rhythms on Differentiation of ES-D3 Cells in Three-dimensional Culture

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