Flexible field goniometer system: the Goniometer for Outdoor Portable Hyperspectral Earth Reflectance

Abstract. This paper describes a portable hyperspectral goniometer system for measurement of hemispherical conical reflectance factor (HCRF) data for terrestrial applications, especially in the coastal zone. This system, the Goniometer for Portable Hyperspectral Earth Reflectance (GOPHER), consists of a computer-controlled Spectra Vista Corporation HR-1024 full-range spectrometer mounted on a rotating arc and track assembly, allowing complete coverage in zenith and azimuth of a full hemisphere for recording HCRF. The control software allows customized scan patterns to be quickly modified in the field, providing for flexibility in recording HCRF and the opposition effect with varying grid sizes and scan ranges in both azimuth and zenith directions. The spectrometer track can be raised and lowered on a mast to accommodate variations in terrain and land cover. To minimize the effect of variations in illumination during GOPHER scan cycles, a dual-spectrometer approach has been adapted to link records of irradiance recorded by a second spectrometer during the GOPHER HCRF scan cycle. Examples of field data illustrate the utility of the instrument for coastal studies.

[1]  Charles M. Bachmann,et al.  A next generation field-portable goniometer system , 2016, SPIE Defense + Security.

[2]  Jennifer L. Piatek,et al.  A quantitative test of the ability of models based on the equation of radiative transfer to predict the bidirectional reflectance of a well-characterized medium , 2009 .

[3]  Stefan R Sandmeier,et al.  Acquisition of bidirectional reflectance factor data with field goniometers , 2000 .

[4]  B. Hapke.  Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy , 1993 .

[5]  Deric J Gray,et al.  Wavelength dependence of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands. , 2015, Applied optics.

[6]  Lu Zhao,et al.  Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of Spectralon white reflectance standard illuminated by incoherent unpolarized and plane-polarized light. , 2011, Applied optics.

[7]  Teemu Hakala,et al.  Polarised Multiangular Reflectance Measurements Using the Finnish Geodetic Institute Field Goniospectrometer , 2009, Sensors.

[8]  B. Hapke.  Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy 7: The single particle phase function hockey stick relation , 2012 .

[9]  James Diebel,et al.  Representing Attitude : Euler Angles , Unit Quaternions , and Rotation Vectors , 2006 .

[10]  T. Painter,et al.  Reflectance quantities in optical remote sensing - definitions and case studies , 2006 .

[11]  P. Teillet,et al.  Effect of soil surface roughness and scene components on soil surface bidirectional reflectance factor , 2012, Canadian Journal of Soil Science.

[12]  Thomas H. Painter,et al.  Interpretation of snow properties from imaging spectrometry , 2009 .

[13]  B. Paden,et al.  Automated spectro-goniometer: A spherical robot for the field measurement of the directional reflectance of snow , 2003 .

[14]  R. Dickinson,et al.  A physical model for predicting bidirectional reflectances over bare soil , 1989 .

[15]  W. David Miller,et al.  Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery during the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR’07) Multi-Sensor Campaign , 2010 .

[16]  Luis Alonso,et al.  Angular Dependency of Hyperspectral Measurements over Wheat Characterized by a Novel UAV Based Goniometer , 2015, Remote. Sens..

[17]  B. Hapke.  Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy: 4. The extinction coefficient and the opposition effect , 1986 .

[18]  J. Clevers,et al.  Effects of soil moisture content on reflectance anisotropy — Laboratory goniometer measurements and RPV model inversions , 2015 .

[19]  Michael E. Schaepman,et al.  Evaluation of diurnal hyperspectral HDRF data acquired with the RSL field goniometer during the DAISEX'99 campaign , 2002 .

[20]  WangZ.,et al.  Effect of soil surface roughness and scene components on soil surface bidirectional reflectance factor , 2012 .

[21]  Charles M. Bachmann,et al.  Phase angle dependence of sand density observable in hyperspectral reflectance , 2014 .

[22]  Pierluigi Calanca,et al.  IAC ETH Goniospectrometer: A Tool for Hyperspectral HDRF Measurements , 2006 .

[23]  Craig A. Coburn,et al.  Assessment of soil surface BRDF using an imaging spectrometer , 2010, Remote Sensing.

[24]  Charles M. Bachmann,et al.  Improved modeling of multiple scattering in hyperspectral BRDF of coastal sediments observed using the Goniometer of the Rochester Institute of Technology (GRIT) , 2015, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications.

[25]  Craig A. Coburn,et al.  ULGS II: A High-Performance Field and Laboratory Spectrogoniometer for Measuring Hyperspectral Bidirectional Reflectance Characteristics , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[26]  Nigel P. Fox,et al.  Hemispherical-Directional Reflectance (HDRF) of Windblown Snow-Covered Arctic Tundra at Large Solar Zenith Angles , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[27]  W. Philpot,et al.  Relationship between surface soil water content, evaporation rate, and water absorption band depths in SWIR reflectance spectra , 2015 .

[28]  S. Sandmeier,et al.  The Swiss field-goniometer system (FIGOS) , 1995, 1995 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '95. Quantitative Remote Sensing for Science and Applications.

[29]  F. E. Nicodemus,et al.  Geometrical considerations and nomenclature for reflectance , 1977 .

[30]  Michael I. Mishchenko,et al.  Bidirectional Reflectance of Flat, Optically Thick Particulate Layers: An Efficient Radiative Transfer Solution and Applications to Snow and Soil Surfaces , 1999 .

[31]  Krista,et al.  A dual-spectrometer approach to reflectance measurements under sub-optimal sky conditions. , 2012, Optics express.

[32]  K. Anderson,et al.  Evaluating the influence of surface soil moisture and soil surface roughness on optical directional reflectance factors , 2014 .

[33]  Nikolaus J. Kuhn,et al.  Reflectance anisotropy for measuring soil surface roughness of multiple soil types , 2012 .

[34]  Carol J. Bruegge,et al.  A Spectralon BRF data base for MISR calibration applications , 2001 .

[35]  D. Peddle,et al.  A low-cost field and laboratory goniometer system for estimating hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance , 2006 .

[36]  E. Vermote,et al.  Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems over southern Africa , 2001 .

[37]  S. Sandmeier,et al.  Sensitivity analysis and quality assessment of laboratory BRDF data , 1998 .

[38]  B. Hapke.  Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy: 6. Effects of porosity , 2008 .

[39]  K. Itten,et al.  The Improved Dual-view Field Goniometer System FIGOS , 2008, Sensors.

[40]  Carol J. Bruegge,et al.  Ground measurements of surface BRF and HDRF using PARABOLA III , 2001 .

[41]  Michael D. King,et al.  BRDF Analysis of Savanna Vegetation and Salt-Pan Samples , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[42]  R. Clark,et al.  High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals , 1990 .

[43]  M. S. Moran,et al.  Bidirectional Calibration Results for 11 Spectralon and 16 BaSO4 Reference Reflectance Panels , 1992 .

[44]  Schneider Thomas,et al.  FIELD GONIOMETER SYSTEM FOR ACCOMPANYING DIRECTIONAL MEASUREMENTS , 2004 .

[45]  Daniel Korwan,et al.  Tools for Hyperspectral Exploitation of Multi-Angular Spectra (THEMAS): May 2012 and June 2013 Experiments (CD-ROM) , 2015 .

[46]  Z Q Sun,et al.  Semi-automatic laboratory goniospectrometer system for performing multi-angular reflectance and polarization measurements for natural surfaces. , 2014, The Review of scientific instruments.

[47]  Bruce Hapke,et al.  Bidirectional Reflectance Spectroscopy: 5. The Coherent Backscatter Opposition Effect and Anisotropic Scattering , 2002 .

[48]  Birgit Heim,et al.  A Manual Transportable Instrument Platform for Ground-Based Spectro-Directional Observations (ManTIS) and the Resultant Hyperspectral Field Goniometer System , 2013, Sensors.

[49]  K. Carder,et al.  A simple spectral solar irradiance model for cloudless maritime atmospheres , 1990 .

[50]  A. Poortinga,et al.  Measuring and Modeling the Effect of Surface Moisture on the Spectral Reflectance of Coastal Beach Sand , 2014, PloS one.

[51]  J. Curcio,et al.  Near infrared absorption spectrum of liquid water , 1951 .

[52]  Michael E. Schaepman,et al.  A Laboratory Goniometer System for Measuring Reflectance and Emittance Anisotropy , 2012, Sensors.

[53]  R. Clark,et al.  Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications , 1984 .

[54]  Michel M. Verstraete,et al.  Toward a direct comparison of field and laboratory goniometer measurements , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[55]  T. Painter,et al.  Effect of grain size on remotely sensed spectral reflectance of sandy desert surfaces , 2004 .

[56]  B. Muys,et al.  A Compact Laboratory Spectro-Goniometer (CLabSpeG) to Assess the BRDF of Materials. Presentation, Calibration and Implementation on Fagus sylvatica L. Leaves , 2007, Sensors.

[57]  J. Roujean,et al.  A bidirectional reflectance model of the Earth's surface for the correction of remote sensing data , 1992 .

[58]  Nigel P. Fox,et al.  Progress in Field Spectroscopy , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.