Simulation of daytime vigilance by the additive interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process

The two-process model of sleep regulation postulates that a homeostatic and a circadian process underlie sleep regulation. The timing of sleep and waking is accounted for by the interaction of these two processes. The assumptions of two separate processes or of a single process resulting from their additive interaction are mathematically equivalent but conceptually different. Based on an additive interaction, subjective alertness ratings in a forced desynchrony protocol and subjective sleepiness ratings in a photoperiod experiment were simulated. The correspondence between empirical and simulated data supports the basic assumption of the model.

[1]  P. Achermann,et al.  Sleep Initiation and Initial Sleep Intensity: Interactions of Homeostatic and Circadian Mechanisms , 1989, Journal of biological rhythms.

[2]  G. Barbato,et al.  Conservation of photoperiod-responsive mechanisms in humans. , 1993, The American journal of physiology.

[3]  A A Borbély,et al.  Time course of EEG power density during long sleep in humans. , 1990, The American journal of physiology.

[4]  S. Daan,et al.  Timing of human sleep: recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker. , 1984, The American journal of physiology.

[5]  J. Aschoff.  The Clocks That Time Us: Physiology of the Circadian Timing System , 1982 .

[6]  DM Edgar,et al.  Effect of SCN lesions on sleep in squirrel monkeys: evidence for opponent processes in sleep-wake regulation , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[7]  H. Heller,et al.  Sleep homeostasis in suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned rats: effects of sleep deprivation and triazolam administration , 1992, Brain Research.

[8]  S. Daan,et al.  Bright morning light advances the human circadian system without affecting NREM sleep homeostasis. , 1989, The American journal of physiology.

[9]  A. Rechtschaffen,et al.  Recovery sleep following sleep deprivation in intact and suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned rats. , 1983, Sleep.

[10]  S. Daan,et al.  Reduction of human sleep duration after bright light exposure in the morning , 1987, Neuroscience Letters.

[11]  S G Massaquoi,et al.  A limit cycle mathematical model of the REM sleep oscillator system. , 1986, The American journal of physiology.

[12]  Derk-Jan Dijk,et al.  Paradoxical timing of the circadian rhythm of sleep propensity serves to consolidate sleep and wakefulness in humans , 1994, Neuroscience Letters.

[13]  A. Borbély.  A two process model of sleep regulation. , 1982, Human neurobiology.

[14]  C A Czeisler,et al.  Short‐term memory, alertness and performance: a reappraisal of their relationship to body temperature , 1992, Journal of sleep research.

[15]  D. Krieger,et al.  The Clocks that Time Us: (Physiology of the Circadian Timing System) , 1982 .

[16]  P. Achermann,et al.  Combining different models of sleep regulation , 1992, Journal of sleep research.

[17]  Richard E. Kronauer,et al.  Light-induced suppression of endogenous circadian amplitude in humans , 1991, Nature.

[18]  Peter Achermann,et al.  A model of human sleep homeostasis based on EEG slow-wave activity: Quantitative comparison of data and simulations , 1993, Brain Research Bulletin.

[19]  C A Czeisler,et al.  Mathematical model of the human circadian system with two interacting oscillators. , 1982, The American journal of physiology.

[20]  T. Wehr.  In short photoperiods, human sleep is biphasic , 1992, Journal of sleep research.

[21]  R. Kronauer,et al.  Bright light induction of strong (type 0) resetting of the human circadian pacemaker. , 1989, Science.

[22]  T. Åkerstedt,et al.  Towards the Prediction of Alertness on Abnormal Sleep/Wake Schedules , 1989 .

[23]  R. McCarley,et al.  Extension of the Limit Cycle Reciprocal Interaction Model of REM cycle control. An integrated sleep control model , 1992, Journal of sleep research.

[24]  D Lehmann,et al.  Sleep deprivation: effect on sleep stages and EEG power density in man. , 1981, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[25]  P. Achermann,et al.  Concepts and models of sleep regulation: an overview , 1992, Journal of sleep research.

[26]  D. Dijk,et al.  Circadian and sleep/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance , 1992, Journal of sleep research.

[27]  T. Wehr,et al.  The durations of human melatonin secretion and sleep respond to changes in daylength (photoperiod). , 1991, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[28]  A. Borbély,et al.  The effect of sleep deprivation on sleep in rats with suprachiasmatic lesions , 1983, Neuroscience Letters.